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RESPIRATORY SYSTEM The major organs of the respiratory system function primarily to provide oxygen to body tissues for cellular respiration, remove the waste product carbon dioxide, and help to maintain acid-base balance. (Gordon Betts et al., 2013). The diverse organs encompass this system are interconnected to one another as the air goes into the respiratory tract. Hence, the organs work together in transferring oxygen throughout the body and cleaning out waste gases like carbon dioxide. The respiratory system consists of the nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and the lungs which is divided into upper and lower respiratory ducts (University of Rochester Medical Center, n.d.). The respiratory system is located in the thoracic cavity. The thoracic cavity is the more superior subdivision of the anterior cavity, and it is enclosed by the rib cage. The thoracic cavity contains the lungs and the heart, which is located in the mediastinum (Gordon Betts et al., 2013). The respiratory system carries oxygen into the body and eliminates carbon dioxide out of the body. The route in which air enters the human body starts with nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, and lungs. Breathing starts when we inhale air into your nose or mouth. It travels down the back of pharynx (throat) and into the trachea (windpipe), which is divided into air passages called bronchial tubes ( Ratini, 2021 ). Exchange of gas takes place inside the lungs. Oxygen from the inhaled air passes through the alveoli walls into the blood ( Ratini, 2021 ). On the structural disparities, the epiglottis attached to the thyroid cartilage, is a very flexible piece of elastic cartilage that covers the opening of the trachea. During swallowing, the epiglottis closes the opening of the trachea preventing food and beverages from entering the trachea (Gordon Betts et al., 2013). pathologically, when pathogens attack the respiratory tract, they change the breathings pattern. In a situation where the respiratory tract is affected by pathogens such as pneumonia in a severe form, it is difficult for people to breath well. Since the body depends on oxygen to function properly, low levels of oxygen can affect the overall function of the circulatory system to transport nutrients to the entire body which in turns affects the other organs at the same time. The heart, the kidneys or the circulatory system are at risk of failing if the lungs can no longer take in enough oxygen (National Center for Biotechnology Information, 2018). References Gordon Betts, J., Young, K. A., Wise, J. A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D. H., Korol, O., Johnson, J. E., Womble, M., & DeSaix, P. (2013, April 25). Anatomy and physiology . OpenStax.

https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/22-1-organs-and-structures-of-the- respiratory-system National Center for Biotechnology Information. (2018, August 9). How are different types of pneumonia classified? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525768/ Ratini, M. (2021, November 25). Respiratory system . WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/lung/how-we- breathe University of Rochester Medical Center. (n.d.). Anatomy of the respiratory system . https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx? contenttypeid=85&contentid=p01300

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