SexLinkedGenesRecombinationsOctober30th
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Test Crosses
What is a test cross? What are they used for?
You perform a test cross on some hamsters. You want to know if your brown hamster carries
the allele for albinism, a recessive mutation which causes no pigment production. When you
breed your hamster with an albino hamster (bb), you get the following results: 4 brown
hamsters and 4 albino hamsters. Does your hamster carry the albino allele? Show your work.
Sexual Inheritance
What do the sex chromosomes look like for males and females in these animal species?
Female
Male
Humans/Drosophila
Birds
Grasshoppers
Honeybees
What is the SRY gene? What chromosome is it found on?
What is X inactivation in females? Why do we do X inactivation? Is the inactivated chromosome
destroyed?
What are Barr bodies? Draw x-inactivation in Calico cats (orange fur, black fur, and white fur). What sex
are calico cats usually? Why?
Why is mitochondrial DNA inherited from only the mother?
If a mother with a mitochondrial disease has children, what percent of her children will have the
disease? What about if a father has mitochondrial disease?
What is the difference between mitochondrial diseases and Sex-linked diseases?
What are epigenetics? What is genetic imprinting? What mechanism does imprinting use?
Sex-linked traits practice problems
Judy is a carrier of colorblindness. Her husband Jude has normal vision. Judy is 12 weeks pregnant! What
is the probability that their child will be colorblind? Hint… if Judy is a carrier, is colorblindness dominant
or recessive?
In fruit flies, eye color is a sex-linked trait. Red is dominant to white. Show the cross of a white eyed
female, red-eyed male. What is the probability that they will produce a red-eyed offspring?
Recombination
What are linked genes? Why are they usually inherited together?
Determine the recombination frequency for the mating of a homozygous dominant fruit fly (red eyes,
long wings) and a homozygous recessive fruit fly (purple eyes, vestigial wings), given these frequencies:
Red eyes, long wings: 1339
Purple eyes, vestigial wings: 1195
Red eyes, vestigial wings: 151
Purple eyes, long wings: 154
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Punnett Square for a Dihybrid Cross to Investigate
Coat Colour in Mice
be
Вс
BbCc
Answer:
D
Ova
BBCC
BbCc
bc)
bb Cc
(BC)
BbCC
D
BbCc
Bbcc
X
BBCC
bbcc
BBcc
bbcc
Bb Cc
BC
O
Sperm
BbCC
Bb Cc
Bbcc
bc
BBCC
bbcc
Вс
BbCc
Legend
Black
Brown
White
Coat colour in mice is controlled by the interaction of
two genes. Three phenotypes result:
black coat, brown coat, and white coat.
The expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a cross
between a bbCc female mouse and BbCc male mouse,
is black: brown : white
Enter only the number values in the order black brown
white (Do not include spaces, commas, etc.)
arrow_forward
A genetic disorder is caused by a LOF mutation (Bm) and epigenetic imprinting of gene B. Through pedigree analysis of many families, researchers have observed the following results:
Female carrier B+Bm x B+B+ --> B+Bm and
Mother's genotype
Father's genotype
Children's genotype
Children's phenotype
Cross 1:
B+Bm
B+B+
B+Bm , B+B+
some affected, some unaffected
Cross 2:
B+B+
B+Bm
B+Bm , B+B+
always unaffected
Based on these results, gene B is imprinted on the:
a. maternal
b. paternal
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Coat color in mice is influenced by two genes, one for color (A) and one for the amount of pigment production (C). Mice with the wild type agouti coat color have a yellowish to brownish color. Mice also have a gene that determines the amount of pigment the hair produces.
Mouse Coat Phenotype and Genotype Correlation
Agouti coat
AA, Aa
Solid gray/black coat
aa
Pigment production
CC, Cc
Albinism
cc
Multiple crosses were made between male and female mice that were each heterozygous for both traits (AaCc). The data table shows the number of mice of each coat type. Calculate the average F1 generation coat color to answer the question.
Coat Color
Number of Mice Born in Each Trial Cross
Mean Number of Mice
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Agouti coat
11
8
9
9
10
8
10
7
10
9
Solid gray/black coat
5
2
1
3
4
3
4
3
3
2
Albinism
3
3
6
4
4
3
3
7
4
3
Which…
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Sppose a white-furred rabbit breeds with a black-furred rabbit and all the offspring have a phenotype
of gray fur. What does the gene for fur color in rabbits appear to be an example of? Explain your answer.
13 A man with AB blood has children with a woman with type B blood. The woman's mother had type o
blood. Cross the man and woman to determine the possible offspring.
Man
Genotype
Phenotype
Gametes
Woman
Genotype
Phenotype
Gametes
Mother
Genotype
Phenotype
Gametes
Punnett square
Personaluse only, do notreproduce
garciato187@Studenciacca.edu
notieproouce.
onal
Sudentlacod.edu
Genotype ratio:
Phenotype ratio:
14 In certain fish, red and blue fish, when mated, create offspring with a patchwork of blue and red
scales. Cross a blue fish and a fish with patchwork red/blue scales.
Blue Fish
Genotype
Phenotype student.lacoCd.edu
Gametes
Patchwork Fish
Genotype
Phenotype
Gametes
Punnett square
o not reproduce
Personal use oniy do
garcialo187 studenlacca edu
notreproduce
Genotype ratio:…
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Give the genotype of the offspring of this cross.
arrow_forward
You are doing a cross with Drosophila using the following two traits. Curly wings is dominant over straight wings, and round eyes is dominant over elliptical eyes. You cross a female fly that is known to be heterozygous for both genes with a male that is heterozygous for the wing gene but has elliptical eyes. This cross produces 74 flies with curly wings and round eyes, 61 with curly wings and elliptical eyes, 24 with straight wings and round eyes, and 21 with straight wing and elliptical eyes. Calculate the expected phenotype ratios for this cross, then use the chi-square test to see if the observed data are consistent with the expected numbers.
arrow_forward
Can you please not type the answer can you write it on a paper
arrow_forward
. A three-point testcross was made in corn. The results and a recombination analysis are shown in the display below, which is typical of three-point testcrosses (p = purple leaves, + = green; v = virus-resistant seedlings, + = sensitive; b = brown midriff to seed, + = plain). Study the display, and answer parts a through c.
arrow_forward
1) Haemophilia is a serious medical condition where blot clots extremely slowly. A sex linked recessive allele is
responsible. Female haemophiliacs are extremely rare. What would be the most likely genotypes of the parents.
Explain your reasoning and show the cross.
arrow_forward
. In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), the bn+ allele for normal dull red eyes is dominant to the bn allele that gives brown eyes. Another gene affects wing shape; for this gene, the ct+ allele for normal wings is dominant to the ct allele, which gives “cut” wings, with jagged edges. A fly with dull red eyes and normal wings was crossed with a fly that had dull red eyes and cut wings, and the following progeny were obtained:
16 dull red eyes, normal wings
14 dull red eyes, cut wings
5 brown eyes, normal wings
5 brown eyes, cut wings
What were the genotypes of the parents?
arrow_forward
Can you show the cross to know how to get the answers?. And some explanation would be helpful. Please
Recombinant
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Imagine that you are a new breeder for caique parrots. You can sell normal green
feather birds for $500 a bird. The mutation for blue feathers is rare and birds with this
color can sell for $3000 a bird. Your goal is to produce as many blue feather offspring
as you can, but you don't have the budget to buy blue feather birds as parents.
Question: What genotype should you purchase for both parent blrds to get the best
chance of getting blue feather offspring? Create and use your Punnett square results as
evidence to support your answer.
You will need to make multiple Punnett Squares to see which parent genotypes makes
the most blue feathered offspring. Keep in mind that Green fealhers (G) is dominant
over blue feathers (g), so birds with blue feathers have the genotype gg. Some Punnett
squares are provided for you to determine the possible crosses, but remember yoU
cannot afford a blue feathered bird, so neither of your parent birds can have the
genotype gg. Complete a Punnett Square…
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You are a biologist studying the local butterfly population. You've discovered 4 white (albino) butterflies. You mated each one with a wildtype butterfly and kept the lines separately. After several generations of back crosses, you've managed to create 4 lines of white butterflies. How can you tell if they represent mutations in the same gene or different genes? What crosses would you do? What results would you expect? (using complementation analysis).
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In rabbits, an allelic series helps determine coat color. The alleles, in order of
dominance, are listed below.
C=full coat color
Cch-chinchilla
Ch-himalayan
c=white
What is the predicted outcome for a CCh rabbit crossed with a Cchc rabbit?
Draw out the cross and show the predicted genotypes and phenotypes for the
offspring.
arrow_forward
In guinea pigs, black hair (B) is dominant to brown hair (b) and short hair (H) is dominant to long hair (h).
A black, long-haired male guinea pig (Bbhh) is crossed with a brown, short-haired female guinea pig (bbHh).
1. What is the genotype of the male parent?
2. What is the phenotype of the female parent?
3. What is the genotype of their baby guinea pig (in the empty box)?
(male) Bbhh
Bh
Bh
bh
bh
bH
BbHh
Bbhh
Bbhh
Bbhh
(female)
bh
Bbhh
Bbhh
Bbhh
Bbhh
bbHh
bH
BbHh
BbHh
bbHh
bbHh
bh
Bbhh
bbhh
bbhh
B= Black hair
H= long hair
h= short hain
b= brown hair
BhbH - calico long fur - gray wavy fur
a
b
bhbh - brown short hair - BbHh
BbHh - black long hair - black short hair
O d
Bbhh - brown, short-hair- Bbhh
O O 0 0
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A- Using a Punnett Square show a cross between a homozygous red fox with a homozygous white fox. Let red be dominant. Give the genotype and phenotype for F1 and F2 generations.
B-
Using a Punnett Square show the cross between a heterozygous gray skunk with a homozygous white skunk. Let gray be dominant. Give the genotype and phenotype for F1.
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In guinea pigs, the allele for short hair (S) is dominant. Show the cross for a homozygous short haired guinea pig and a long haired guinea pig. Show all five steps to solving the problem.
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A cross is made between a heterozygote, +++/abc, and a recessive homozygote, abc/abc. Analysis of the progeny gave the following results:
+ + +
450
+ + C
10
a + c
70
+ b c
210
+ b +
65
a + +
200
a bc
460
ab +
15
What is the map distance between the a and c genes?
O 25.12 map units
O 27.71 map units
O 29.39 map units
O 32.53 map units
O None of the above
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• Previous
PgUp
End
F10
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Home
23
F2
DII
F3
F4
F5
FB
F9
F1
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%23
%24
1.
3.
4.
8.
To
W
R.
Y
U
S
D
G
H.
C
M
B
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You are studying ear shape in dogs (with XY se x determination) and cross a true-breeding pointed-ear female to a true-breeding floppy-ear male and collect all pointy-ear male and female offspring. Your colleague suspects that the two phenotypes may be caused by alleles of one X-linked gene.
What sort of cross would you do to determine whether this is an X-linked trait? Name it and describe it.
What offspring phenotypic ratio would you expect in that cross if the green allele is a dominant X-linked allele? Make sure to label your ratio with all relevant phenotypes.
How would the result of your cross (from A) be different if the trait is autosomal
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Thimble foxes cook color is controlled by a single gene while tail length is controlled by a separate Gene. Red coat is dominant to white coat and long tails are dominant to short tails, dominant is complete. Thimble fox one has a red coat and a long tail, its mother had a white coat and short tail. Thimble fox two has a white coat and long tail, its father had a short tail. 
Complete the punnets square for this cross and give the phenotypic ratio of the offspring. If there is a dominant allele for this first Street, place the gamete in the first give me a position.
Then state the Phenotypic ratio.
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A woman has her personal genome analyzed for the BRCA1 mutation after learning that her father is heterozygous and carries one mutant allele. What is her chance of
inheriting the mutant allele from her father?
0: men cannot transmit genes affecting breast cancer.
25%
50%
75%
100%
Among the progeny of a heterozygous round (Aa) x homozygous wrinkled ( aa) cross, three seeds are chosen at random. What is the probability that all three seeds are
round?
(1/4)3
1/4
(1/2) 3
1/2
A single gene can produce different proteins.
True
False
arrow_forward
In crosses between mutant mice, you find the following patterns in the genotype for the A locus containing alleles A1, A2, A3 and A4:
What would be the best explanation for the inheritance and why?
arrow_forward
Calculate the map distances among the genes.
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You are working with a dog breeder to produce a litter of puppies from their dogs. Of particular interest to this breeder is the texture of the coat and the presence of spots. The texture of the coat is controlled by one gene (R = rough coat, r = smooth coat), and the presence of spots is controlled by a separate gene (S = spots, s = solid coat).
The breeder decides to perform the following cross: RrSs x rrSs
What percentage of the offspring would you expect to have the following phenotypes:
Rough and spotted:
Incorrect answer:
56.25%
Rough and solid:
Incorrect answer:
18.75%
Smooth and spotted:
Incorrect answer:
18.75%
Smooth and solid:
Incorrect answer:
6.25%
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Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers. Identify the phenotypefor the
following genotype Ff, FF, ff and determine if the genotype is heterozygous or
homozygous. *
For each row, you should select two columns.
Purple flowers
White flowers
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Ff
FF
ff
Brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes. Identify the phenotype for the following
genotype BB, Bb, bb and determine if the genotype is heterozygous or
homozygous. *
口 ロ口
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Color blindness is a X-linked trait in human. A cross was done and F1 showed half of the female and half of the male as normal-color vision while the other half of the female and male were color blind. What were the genotypes of the parents? Show the cross and the offspring.
arrow_forward
n corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile
pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F
restores fertility to male sterile lines
sing the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and
the cytoplasm of each individual in the cross
Legend
male sterile cytoplasm
Male fertile cytoplasm
FF nucleus
Ff nucleus
ff nucleus
A. Male sterile female x FF male
Explain the phenotype of the offspring
B. Male sterile female x Ff male
Explain the phenotype of the offspring
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Continuing his experiments, in Miles Morales' genome, the Goblin found similar genes, including one for invisibility which also seems to be dominant.
To determine if they were linked to agility, the Goblin set up another cross and got the following results:
Phenotype
Agility and Invisibility
Agility
Invisibility
No Powers
Number of Progeny
121
52
55
125
What is the chi-square value for this?
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SET 2: In corn, the following allelic pairs have been identified in chromosome 3:
+/b
plant color booster vs. non-booster
+/lg
with ligule vs. without ligule
+/v
green plant vs. virescent
A test cross between triple recessive plants and plants heterozygous for the three pairs gave the following
progeny:
+ v lg
305
b + lg
b v lg
+ + lg
b v +
148
58
+ + +
62
+ y +
152
b + +
275
Total
1000
Calculate the parental and recombinant frequencies, the map distances between genes, and the coefficient of
coincidence. Illustrate the gene map or sequence.
arrow_forward
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Related Questions
- Help pleasearrow_forwardPunnett Square for a Dihybrid Cross to Investigate Coat Colour in Mice be Вс BbCc Answer: D Ova BBCC BbCc bc) bb Cc (BC) BbCC D BbCc Bbcc X BBCC bbcc BBcc bbcc Bb Cc BC O Sperm BbCC Bb Cc Bbcc bc BBCC bbcc Вс BbCc Legend Black Brown White Coat colour in mice is controlled by the interaction of two genes. Three phenotypes result: black coat, brown coat, and white coat. The expected phenotypic ratio resulting from a cross between a bbCc female mouse and BbCc male mouse, is black: brown : white Enter only the number values in the order black brown white (Do not include spaces, commas, etc.)arrow_forwardA genetic disorder is caused by a LOF mutation (Bm) and epigenetic imprinting of gene B. Through pedigree analysis of many families, researchers have observed the following results: Female carrier B+Bm x B+B+ --> B+Bm and Mother's genotype Father's genotype Children's genotype Children's phenotype Cross 1: B+Bm B+B+ B+Bm , B+B+ some affected, some unaffected Cross 2: B+B+ B+Bm B+Bm , B+B+ always unaffected Based on these results, gene B is imprinted on the: a. maternal b. paternalarrow_forward
- Coat color in mice is influenced by two genes, one for color (A) and one for the amount of pigment production (C). Mice with the wild type agouti coat color have a yellowish to brownish color. Mice also have a gene that determines the amount of pigment the hair produces. Mouse Coat Phenotype and Genotype Correlation Agouti coat AA, Aa Solid gray/black coat aa Pigment production CC, Cc Albinism cc Multiple crosses were made between male and female mice that were each heterozygous for both traits (AaCc). The data table shows the number of mice of each coat type. Calculate the average F1 generation coat color to answer the question. Coat Color Number of Mice Born in Each Trial Cross Mean Number of Mice 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Agouti coat 11 8 9 9 10 8 10 7 10 9 Solid gray/black coat 5 2 1 3 4 3 4 3 3 2 Albinism 3 3 6 4 4 3 3 7 4 3 Which…arrow_forwardSppose a white-furred rabbit breeds with a black-furred rabbit and all the offspring have a phenotype of gray fur. What does the gene for fur color in rabbits appear to be an example of? Explain your answer. 13 A man with AB blood has children with a woman with type B blood. The woman's mother had type o blood. Cross the man and woman to determine the possible offspring. Man Genotype Phenotype Gametes Woman Genotype Phenotype Gametes Mother Genotype Phenotype Gametes Punnett square Personaluse only, do notreproduce garciato187@Studenciacca.edu notieproouce. onal Sudentlacod.edu Genotype ratio: Phenotype ratio: 14 In certain fish, red and blue fish, when mated, create offspring with a patchwork of blue and red scales. Cross a blue fish and a fish with patchwork red/blue scales. Blue Fish Genotype Phenotype student.lacoCd.edu Gametes Patchwork Fish Genotype Phenotype Gametes Punnett square o not reproduce Personal use oniy do garcialo187 studenlacca edu notreproduce Genotype ratio:…arrow_forwardGive the genotype of the offspring of this cross.arrow_forward
- You are doing a cross with Drosophila using the following two traits. Curly wings is dominant over straight wings, and round eyes is dominant over elliptical eyes. You cross a female fly that is known to be heterozygous for both genes with a male that is heterozygous for the wing gene but has elliptical eyes. This cross produces 74 flies with curly wings and round eyes, 61 with curly wings and elliptical eyes, 24 with straight wings and round eyes, and 21 with straight wing and elliptical eyes. Calculate the expected phenotype ratios for this cross, then use the chi-square test to see if the observed data are consistent with the expected numbers.arrow_forwardCan you please not type the answer can you write it on a paperarrow_forward. A three-point testcross was made in corn. The results and a recombination analysis are shown in the display below, which is typical of three-point testcrosses (p = purple leaves, + = green; v = virus-resistant seedlings, + = sensitive; b = brown midriff to seed, + = plain). Study the display, and answer parts a through c.arrow_forward
- 1) Haemophilia is a serious medical condition where blot clots extremely slowly. A sex linked recessive allele is responsible. Female haemophiliacs are extremely rare. What would be the most likely genotypes of the parents. Explain your reasoning and show the cross.arrow_forward. In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), the bn+ allele for normal dull red eyes is dominant to the bn allele that gives brown eyes. Another gene affects wing shape; for this gene, the ct+ allele for normal wings is dominant to the ct allele, which gives “cut” wings, with jagged edges. A fly with dull red eyes and normal wings was crossed with a fly that had dull red eyes and cut wings, and the following progeny were obtained: 16 dull red eyes, normal wings 14 dull red eyes, cut wings 5 brown eyes, normal wings 5 brown eyes, cut wings What were the genotypes of the parents?arrow_forwardCan you show the cross to know how to get the answers?. And some explanation would be helpful. Please Recombinantarrow_forward
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