Hardwood Lab-Harris, A
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Kennesaw State University *
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Biology
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Dec 6, 2023
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Names
: Jaiden Outten and Aniyah Harris
Hardwood Lab Report
Introduction
American Beech trees are hardwood deciduous trees located in well-drained upland woods of
eastern North America. They are commonly found growing beneath early successional trees,
such as pines, in Georgia. Their growth is influenced by biotic factors like intraspecific and
interspecific competition as well as abiotic factors like light intensity and soil moisture.
Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species. It demonstrates the
adaptability of the species. Members of distinct species engage in interspecific competition,
which might result in the extinction of one species or the specialization of both. An experiment
was done at the KSU Arboretum to find interspecific and intraspecific competitions within the
different species and the same species using biotic and abiotic factors that influence Beech
growth. We hypothesized that higher levels of light intensity being used up by the larger beech
hardwood trees cause greater sizes in beech hardwood trees in the KSU Arboretum which give
rise to more overlap, larger areas of influence, and lead to more interspecific and intraspecific
competition. Higher light intensity is a leading factor in how a beech hardwood tree grows. The
smaller trees may not experience the same amount of light intensity and struggle to grow as
much as the ones that do. We predicted that the beech hardwood trees with greater diameters
receive higher light intensity values than the ones with smaller diameters. We also hypothesized
that the distance and diameter of the tree are good indicators that may be a good predictor of
intraspecific competition between Beech trees in the KSU Arboretum. With more intraspecific
competition, the ratio of the diameter of the beech trees will be higher. The absence of
competition: smaller ratios same growth rate however if there is more intraspecific competition
then they will not have equal access to resources thus changing the ratio between them. It was
predicted that competition is based on the distances. These hypotheses were tested using
correlation and regression.
Results
Figure 1. Correlation between Diameter of Beech vs. Light Intensity
Figure 1
. The results from the correlation analysis indicated a negative correlation between the
diameter of the beech tree and the light intensity. The correlation coefficient came up to -0.389,
same as the R-value, indicating very little to no correlation between the two variables measured
since the value is a lot closer to 0 than +1 or –1.
The p-value calculated to 3.19E-05, which
indicates that our results are statistically significant, rejecting our hypothesis. As the diameter of
the beech trees increases, the light intensity decreases, showing 0 correlation.
Figure 2. Relationship between the distance between the beech trees
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
9.00
10.00
f(x) = 0.1 x + 1.79
R² = 0
Distance vs. Diameter of
Beech hardwoods
Figure 2.
Results from a regression analysis demonstrated that there was a slight correlation
between the distance between the beech trees and the diameter of the beech tree (R=0.062). As
the Distance between the trees increases, the diameter increases, indicating less intraspecific
competition. However, from the regression analysis, we can say that the distance between the
trees is not a significant variable that affects the diameter of the trees (F=
0.799574, R-squared
0.0038975).
Our hypothesis was that the intercept would be 0 but it was not passed 0 and with a
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