BIO 326 Winter 2023 Lab Exam Review (1)
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Lab Exam Review
Lab 1: Compound Light Microscopy and Micropipetting
1.
Be able to label the parts of the compound light microscope
2.
Be able to list the powers of magnification of the 4 objectives (4x, 10x, 40x, 100x oil immersion)
3.
Describe the low-to-high rule for focusing on a specimen using the highest objective
4.
Define these terms: Coarse focus, Diaphragm, Fine focus, Low-to-high rule, Magnification,
Ocular, Objective
5.
Be able to label the parts of a micropipettor
6.
Be able to select the proper pipettor to use to draw up and dispense a particular volume of fluid.
7.
Describe the method for drawing up a sample and for dispensing it.
8.
Describe the technique for proper pipetting: eye level, pipettor straight up and down.
Lab 2: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
1.
What does ELISA stand for?
2.
Explain the process of ELISA. What is the role of antibodies?
3.
Why did we assay our samples in duplicate?
4.
Why did you need to wash the wells after every step?
5.
What creates the color change?
6.
Interpret the results of an ELISA assay. Is the protein of interest present or not?
7.
If the sample tested positive for antibodies, does this mean that the patient had the disease?
What reasons could there be for a positive test when the patient didn’t have the disease (i.e. a
false positive)?
Lab 3: Spectroscopy and Paper Chromatography
1.
Explain why ethanol vs. water is used to extract spinach pigments.
2.
State the function of a spectrophotometer.
3.
Be able to interpret data shown on graphs, including identifying variables and intervals
4.
State the stationary phase of paper chromatography.
5.
State the mobile phase of paper chromatography.
6.
Explain the basis of pigment separation in this exercise.
7.
Given data, determine the relative polarity of pigments.
8.
State the role of pigments (including accessory pigments) in photosynthesis.
9.
Compare and contrast the main classes of pigments identified in this exercise.
10.
Explain what information you used to determine the identity of your unknown pigment.
Lab 4: Yeast Fermentation Rate
1.
Given data, calculate the rate of CO2 production
2.
Given data, determine the optimal sugar source for yeast
3.
Describe how temperature affects enzyme activity
4.
Describe the steps of fermentation, and why you measured CO2 in this experiment.
Lab 5: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
1.
Explain why DNA must be extracted before assembling a PCR reaction.
2.
Define PCR, amplification, target sequence. What is the purpose of each?
3.
Define “primer.” Explain how primers identify the target sequence of a DNA template.
4.
List the necessary components of a PCR reaction.
5.
List the steps in one PCR cycle. Describe the necessary temperature conditions and what
happens at each step.
6.
List the optimal temperature for
Taq
polymerase function.
7.
Define “thermocycler.”
8.
Define “DNA fragment.”
Lab 6: Gel Electrophoresis
1.
Explain the function of horizontal gel electrophoresis.
2.
What is the purpose of an agarose gel?
3.
Upon completion of electrophoresis, where would you find the smallest DNA fragments?
Largest?
4.
Why must DNA on a gel be stained?
5.
Determine the band size on a gel using molecular weight standard.
6.
Appropriately label a gel for publication.
Lab 7: Microbiology techniques
1.
Explain the Gram-staining process (name each component and what it does). What information
does it give you about a bacterium?
2.
Identify the Gram reaction and cell morphology of a sample.
3.
What’s the purpose of heat fixing samples to slides? What happens if you over-heat fix?
4.
What is the purpose of streaking for isolation? Identify whether isolation has been achieved.
5.
Define “colony.”
6.
What is a selective medium? What type of organism does MacConkey’s medium select for?
7.
Explain what a clear halo indicates in antibiotic testing – how does the clear halo (zone of
inhibition) form?
8.
How do you determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic based on antibiotic diffusion? Define
susceptible, intermediate, and resistant in this context.
9.
Measure and interpret zone of inhibition sizes on a bacterial plate.
10.
Explain how to sterilize an inoculating loop, spreader bar, forceps.
Lab 8: Transformation
1.
Define transformation and explain the process of transformation, including the purpose of heat
shock.
2.
Define plasmid and specifically, pGLO. What are the different components of the plasmid? What
enzyme is coded for by the
bla
gene? What is its role in transformation?
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Related Questions
Please help me understand this question
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Answer these questions by watching the YouTube videos and reviewing the Powerpoints from Lab #4.
1. What is Refraction of light?
2. What is the difference between the Ocular lens and the Objective lens?
3. What is the purpose of the Revolving Nosepiece?
4. What is the difference between the Course Adjustment Knob and the Fine Adjustment Knob?
5. How do you calculate Total Magnification?
6. What is Resolution in terms of Microscopy?
7. What is the purpose of Oil Immersion?
8. What is the Diffraction Barrier and why does it exist?
9. What is the purpose of using stains and fluorescent dyes in microscopy?
10. What is the advantage of using an Electron Microscope?
11. What Objective lens should you always start with?
12. What is the purpose of the Iris Diaphragm on the Condenser?
13. How do you know your Objective lens has been adjusted properly?
14. Why should you not use Kimwipes…
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Please see attached . Thank you
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Please help make this procedure a flow chart
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Please help me solve question 4 and activity 3 questions 1and 2.
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Can you help me with this question?
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Procedure 1 Magnification
Light is refracted through two lenses to obtain magnification-the ocular lens and the objective lens. Magnifi-
cation of the ocular lens is usually 10x.This means that if you were to view a slide with only the ocular lens,
the image would be magnified 10 times. Magnification of the objective lenses varies, but typically is 4× for low power,
10× for medium power, and 40× for high power. (To verify that this is the case for your microscope, look at the side of
the objective lens, which usually is labeled with its magnification.) Remember that oil immersion provides even greater
magnification at 100×. When calculating the total magnification, you must multiply the magnification of the ocular lens
(10) by the power of the objective lens.
Fill in Table 3.1 to determine total magnification at each of the different objective lenses on your microscope.
Remember that the magnification of the objective lens is usually printed on the side of the lens itself.
ABLE
3.1…
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Additional Practice: Parts of a Microscope
Completing the table below is optional. However, you will be tested on these terms on Lab Exam #1
and are strongly encouraged to complete and understand this table.
Microscope Part
Eyepiece
Objective Lenses
Stage
Diaphragm
Light Source
Arm
Coarse Focus
Adjustment Knob
Fine Focus
Adjustment Knob
Function
Description & Location on
Microscope
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Answer the following questions and uploa
assignment.
1. What is the difference between a zoom knob and focus knob?
2. What is another name for the ocular lens?
3. Define working distance.
4. When would you use top illumination vs. bottom illumination?
5. What two parts of the microscope should you touch when carrying it?
MacBook Air
吕0
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
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Depth of focus
1. Which colored thread comes into focus first, second and third (as observed under 10X)?
2. As observed under 40X and 4 mm objectives?
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answer the following:
instruction.match the name of the major part (listed below) with its location on the microscope, and give a very brief description of what each is used for:
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please help me make this procedure a flow chart
III. Procedure: A. MicroscopyOperating Procedure:Place the microscope close to the edge of the table. Select a suitable stool so that when looking into the eyepiece, your back is straight and your neck is bent at the nape.1. Lower the body tube by turning the course focus knob until the 10x or 16mm objective reaches the downward stop.2. Look through the eyepiece and adjust the mirror to the position which provides the brightest and the most evenly illuminated field of vision which is the circular area seen in the eyepiece. Raise the condenser until its top lens at the same level as the stage. Place the slide on the stage and fasten it using the stage clips.3. Position the specimen area of the slide over the center of the stage aperture.4. Looking through the eyepiece, raise the coarse focus knob until the image appears. Focus as sharply as possible. Low power objective has a much greater depth of focus and is generally used for the…
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Hi! Please include your reference. Thank you.
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List down 5 steps in the given procedure below for the proper use of microscope that you think emphasized on proper equipment care and briefly explain why you think so in 1-2 sentences per identified step.
1. Connect the microscope to the power supply. Turn “ON” the microscope.2. Rotate the light intensity adjustment knob to adjust the brightness.3. Place the slide with the specimen facing upwards on top of the mechanical stage.
a. Open the bow-shaped lever of the stage clip outward.b. Slide the specimen from the front toward the rear.c. Return the bow-shaped lever gently.d. Center the specimen over the aperture on the stage.
4. Use the Low Power Objective.
a. Rotate the revolving nosepiece until the 10x objective lens is “clicked” into position.b. Rotate the condenser focus knob to bring the condenser down to the bottom and partially open the iris diaphragm.c. Rotate the coarse adjustment knob to focus the image. Move it as far as it will go without touching the slide.d. When coarse…
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Can you provide short answers for these questions ?
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RESULTS for Exercise 4: Microscopic Measurements
Name
Date
Calibration of Microscope:
PART A
1 Division on the Ocular Micrometer
corresponds to:
Objective
Scanning
Low Power
μη
High Dry
um
Oil Immersion
um
Show calculations for each objective:
Exercise 4 Microscopic Measurements 35
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Skill-Building Exercises
(Question numbers refer to the numbered steps in the actual lab.)
Finding the object
1. Letter "e" as it appears to unaided eye:
3. Letter "e" as it appears in microscope (total magnification 40 x)
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Please see attached . Thank you
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3
6
9
12
V
Stage control knob
1.
Mechanical support - is used for
carrying the microscope
Fine adjustment knob
2.
Platform upon which specimen is
placed
Objective
3.
Brings object into approximate focus
Diaphragm/Iris
4.
Eyepiece/ocular
5.
Collects light from source and focuses
it upon specimen
Controls amount of illumination used
to view the object; impacts contrast
Stage
nation
Base
6.
Lenses you look into
7.
Provides more precise focusing on the
object
8.
Revolving device that holds the
Condenser
objective lenses
9.
Provides additional magnification of
Arm
varying powers
10.
Mechanical support rests on flat
Nosepiece
Coarse adjustment knob
Stage clip
surface of table
11. Hold slides in place
12.
122
Provides mechanical means to move
the stage
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State the function of each part of the compound light microscope.
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Instruction: FILL IN THE BLANKS
1. For initial focusing of the specimen the ___________ (objective) is aligned with the body tube and the central opening in the __________.
2. To view the specimen on the stage, secure the slide with the __________. Make sure the slide is in line with the ____________ and the stage opening.
3. Adjust the ______________ to regulate the amount of light required. Adjust the _____________ properly so that optimum light is reflected in the microscope.
4. Manipulate the ________________ knob to bring the objective about 1 to 2 mm away from the slide. Never look into the ____________ when bringing the objective close to the slide to avoid damaging or crushing the slide. A clear field of vision should be ___________ not gray.
5. In viewing objects under the microscope, it is observed that the microscope ______________ the direction of movement and _______________ the position of the image observed.
6. In shifting to higher magnification, simply…
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Instruction: FILL IN THE BLANKS.
1. In viewing objects under the microscope, it is observed that the microscope ______________ the direction of movement and _______________ the position of the image observed.
2. In shifting to higher magnification, simply rotate the _________________ to the desired objective. If the image is not clear manipulate the __________________ knob.
3. The total magnification of the specimen as seen in the microscope is 400x. This means that the ocular magnification is _______ x and the ______________ is 40x.
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CALA
Learning Task 2: Copy the chart below in your answer aheet. Identify the parts of
the microscope listed inside the box. Group them according to their basic
function.
base
body
eye piece
tube
arm
course adjustment
mirror
diaphragm
fine adjustment knob
objective lens
nosepiece
stage
Magnifying
luminating
Mechanical
PIVOT 4A CALABARZON Science G7
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Anatomy and Physiology I
Chapter Three The Microscope
Exercise 3.5: Determining Depth of Field
6. Referring back to exercise 3.5, record the answers to the questions about colored threads in the spaces provided. 7
Color of bottom thread:
Color of top thread:
Color of middle thread:
* Explalm why proper microscope technique requires always viewing a slide with the scanning objective first before moving to higher-power objectives. Use the concept
of depth of field in the explanation. 7
Exercise 3.6: Parts of a Dissecting Microscope
8. Identify two differences between a dissecting microscope and a compound microscope. 8
a.
b.
9. List three types of specimens a dissecting microscope might be used to view:
a.
b.
Can You Apply What You've Learned?
10. What microscope structures are used to control the amount of light illuminating the specimen?
11. What happened to the light intensity when switching from low to high power?
12. What adjustment will typically have to be made to the light after…
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please help me answer questions 4 & 5. thank you.
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Please help with above
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TOPIC: KATO-THICK & KATO-KATZ TECHNIQUES
1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Kato-Katz technique? Briefly explain each.
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Compute for the total magnification of the following:
Ocular
Objectives
Total
Magnification
5x
Scanner
5x
Low Power
10x
Scanner
10x
High Power
10x
Oil Immersion
15х
Scanner
15x
Low Power
15x
Oil Immersion
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9:06
LTE
4) Answer true or false to each of the following statements.
On high power, you should use the coarse
adjustment knob.
The diaphragm determines how much light shines on
the specimen.
The low power objective has a greater magnification
than the scanning objective.
The fine focus knob visibly moves the stage up and
down.
Images viewed in the microscope will appear upside
down.
If a slide is thick, only parts of the specimen may
come into focus.
The type of microscope you are using is a scanning
microscope.
For viewing, microscope slides should be placed on
the objective.
In order to switch from low to high power, you must
rotate the revolving nosepiece.
The total magnification of a microscope is
determined by adding the ocular lens power to the
objective lens power.
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Can you help me to fill in the functions, please?
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nsert
Format
Arrange
View
Share
Window
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Biology Lab Exam 1 Sp 21
目
125% v
Collaborate
Insert
Table
Chart
Тext
Shape
Media
Comment
View
Zoom
Add Page
3. (1 point) Show the answer to the following question in correct significant figures.
10.219 + 3.12 =
4. (7 pts) True or False. Circle the correct answer.
True or False. A blank used to zero of spectrophotometer always contains just distilled water.
True or False. The mode is the most commonly occurring number in a data set.
True or False. One milliliter (mL) equals 1,000,000 microliters (µL).
True or False. Peroxidase activity increases when the enzyme is boiled
True or False. Enzymes are carbohydrates.
True or False. Denaturing involves an enzyme breaking down into individual amino acids.
True or False. Hydroxlyamine is a competitive inhibitor of peroxidase.
5. (1 point) How many µL (microliters) are in 2.32 L? Show your work for full credit.
6. (1 pts) Convert 1,745 mm tọ Km. Show your work for full credit.
MAR
étv
9.
MacBook Air
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- Please help me understand this questionarrow_forwardAnswer these questions by watching the YouTube videos and reviewing the Powerpoints from Lab #4. 1. What is Refraction of light? 2. What is the difference between the Ocular lens and the Objective lens? 3. What is the purpose of the Revolving Nosepiece? 4. What is the difference between the Course Adjustment Knob and the Fine Adjustment Knob? 5. How do you calculate Total Magnification? 6. What is Resolution in terms of Microscopy? 7. What is the purpose of Oil Immersion? 8. What is the Diffraction Barrier and why does it exist? 9. What is the purpose of using stains and fluorescent dyes in microscopy? 10. What is the advantage of using an Electron Microscope? 11. What Objective lens should you always start with? 12. What is the purpose of the Iris Diaphragm on the Condenser? 13. How do you know your Objective lens has been adjusted properly? 14. Why should you not use Kimwipes…arrow_forwardPlease see attached . Thank youarrow_forward
- Procedure 1 Magnification Light is refracted through two lenses to obtain magnification-the ocular lens and the objective lens. Magnifi- cation of the ocular lens is usually 10x.This means that if you were to view a slide with only the ocular lens, the image would be magnified 10 times. Magnification of the objective lenses varies, but typically is 4× for low power, 10× for medium power, and 40× for high power. (To verify that this is the case for your microscope, look at the side of the objective lens, which usually is labeled with its magnification.) Remember that oil immersion provides even greater magnification at 100×. When calculating the total magnification, you must multiply the magnification of the ocular lens (10) by the power of the objective lens. Fill in Table 3.1 to determine total magnification at each of the different objective lenses on your microscope. Remember that the magnification of the objective lens is usually printed on the side of the lens itself. ABLE 3.1…arrow_forwardAdditional Practice: Parts of a Microscope Completing the table below is optional. However, you will be tested on these terms on Lab Exam #1 and are strongly encouraged to complete and understand this table. Microscope Part Eyepiece Objective Lenses Stage Diaphragm Light Source Arm Coarse Focus Adjustment Knob Fine Focus Adjustment Knob Function Description & Location on Microscopearrow_forwardAnswer the following questions and uploa assignment. 1. What is the difference between a zoom knob and focus knob? 2. What is another name for the ocular lens? 3. Define working distance. 4. When would you use top illumination vs. bottom illumination? 5. What two parts of the microscope should you touch when carrying it? MacBook Air 吕0 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7arrow_forward
- Depth of focus 1. Which colored thread comes into focus first, second and third (as observed under 10X)? 2. As observed under 40X and 4 mm objectives?arrow_forwardanswer the following: instruction.match the name of the major part (listed below) with its location on the microscope, and give a very brief description of what each is used for:arrow_forwardplease help me make this procedure a flow chart III. Procedure: A. MicroscopyOperating Procedure:Place the microscope close to the edge of the table. Select a suitable stool so that when looking into the eyepiece, your back is straight and your neck is bent at the nape.1. Lower the body tube by turning the course focus knob until the 10x or 16mm objective reaches the downward stop.2. Look through the eyepiece and adjust the mirror to the position which provides the brightest and the most evenly illuminated field of vision which is the circular area seen in the eyepiece. Raise the condenser until its top lens at the same level as the stage. Place the slide on the stage and fasten it using the stage clips.3. Position the specimen area of the slide over the center of the stage aperture.4. Looking through the eyepiece, raise the coarse focus knob until the image appears. Focus as sharply as possible. Low power objective has a much greater depth of focus and is generally used for the…arrow_forward
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