BIO 326 Winter 2023 Lab Exam Review (1)

.docx

School

University of Michigan, Dearborn *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

BIOL 301

Subject

Biology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

Type

docx

Pages

3

Uploaded by JusticeWorldLapwing30

Report
Lab Exam Review Lab 1: Compound Light Microscopy and Micropipetting 1. Be able to label the parts of the compound light microscope 2. Be able to list the powers of magnification of the 4 objectives (4x, 10x, 40x, 100x oil immersion) 3. Describe the low-to-high rule for focusing on a specimen using the highest objective 4. Define these terms: Coarse focus, Diaphragm, Fine focus, Low-to-high rule, Magnification, Ocular, Objective 5. Be able to label the parts of a micropipettor 6. Be able to select the proper pipettor to use to draw up and dispense a particular volume of fluid. 7. Describe the method for drawing up a sample and for dispensing it. 8. Describe the technique for proper pipetting: eye level, pipettor straight up and down. Lab 2: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) 1. What does ELISA stand for? 2. Explain the process of ELISA. What is the role of antibodies? 3. Why did we assay our samples in duplicate? 4. Why did you need to wash the wells after every step? 5. What creates the color change? 6. Interpret the results of an ELISA assay. Is the protein of interest present or not? 7. If the sample tested positive for antibodies, does this mean that the patient had the disease? What reasons could there be for a positive test when the patient didn’t have the disease (i.e. a false positive)? Lab 3: Spectroscopy and Paper Chromatography 1. Explain why ethanol vs. water is used to extract spinach pigments. 2. State the function of a spectrophotometer. 3. Be able to interpret data shown on graphs, including identifying variables and intervals 4. State the stationary phase of paper chromatography. 5. State the mobile phase of paper chromatography. 6. Explain the basis of pigment separation in this exercise. 7. Given data, determine the relative polarity of pigments. 8. State the role of pigments (including accessory pigments) in photosynthesis. 9. Compare and contrast the main classes of pigments identified in this exercise. 10. Explain what information you used to determine the identity of your unknown pigment. Lab 4: Yeast Fermentation Rate 1. Given data, calculate the rate of CO2 production 2. Given data, determine the optimal sugar source for yeast 3. Describe how temperature affects enzyme activity
4. Describe the steps of fermentation, and why you measured CO2 in this experiment. Lab 5: Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) 1. Explain why DNA must be extracted before assembling a PCR reaction. 2. Define PCR, amplification, target sequence. What is the purpose of each? 3. Define “primer.” Explain how primers identify the target sequence of a DNA template. 4. List the necessary components of a PCR reaction. 5. List the steps in one PCR cycle. Describe the necessary temperature conditions and what happens at each step. 6. List the optimal temperature for Taq polymerase function. 7. Define “thermocycler.” 8. Define “DNA fragment.” Lab 6: Gel Electrophoresis 1. Explain the function of horizontal gel electrophoresis. 2. What is the purpose of an agarose gel? 3. Upon completion of electrophoresis, where would you find the smallest DNA fragments? Largest? 4. Why must DNA on a gel be stained? 5. Determine the band size on a gel using molecular weight standard. 6. Appropriately label a gel for publication. Lab 7: Microbiology techniques 1. Explain the Gram-staining process (name each component and what it does). What information does it give you about a bacterium? 2. Identify the Gram reaction and cell morphology of a sample. 3. What’s the purpose of heat fixing samples to slides? What happens if you over-heat fix? 4. What is the purpose of streaking for isolation? Identify whether isolation has been achieved. 5. Define “colony.” 6. What is a selective medium? What type of organism does MacConkey’s medium select for? 7. Explain what a clear halo indicates in antibiotic testing – how does the clear halo (zone of inhibition) form? 8. How do you determine the effectiveness of an antibiotic based on antibiotic diffusion? Define susceptible, intermediate, and resistant in this context. 9. Measure and interpret zone of inhibition sizes on a bacterial plate. 10. Explain how to sterilize an inoculating loop, spreader bar, forceps. Lab 8: Transformation 1. Define transformation and explain the process of transformation, including the purpose of heat shock. 2. Define plasmid and specifically, pGLO. What are the different components of the plasmid? What enzyme is coded for by the bla gene? What is its role in transformation?
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
  • Access to all documents
  • Unlimited textbook solutions
  • 24/7 expert homework help