SarahPetroffUnit4Assignement

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Dec 6, 2023

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SC235: Human Biology Unit 4 Assignment: The Complexity of Human Organs Name: Sarah Petroff_ Please address each question and submit the completed worksheet to the Unit 4 Assignment Dropbox when completed. Part I: Hierarchy of Human Organization and Cell Theory: Review the hierarchy of human organization in the textbook and then click on the blank to type the missing word in the definition. 1. A(n) molecule is a combination of atoms bonded together. 2. A(n) organelle is a component or “little organ” within a cell that carries out a specific function. 3. The cell is the smallest unit of life 4. A(n) tissue is a group of cells that work together to serve a specific function. 5. A(n ) organ is a group of tissues that work together to serve a specific function 6. A(n) organ system is a group of organs working together to serve a specific function. 7. A(n) Living thing is an individual form of life composed of many cells, organs and tissues. 8. The celltheory states that a cell is the smallest unit of life; cells make up all living things, and new cells can only arise from pre-existing cells. 9. Bacterial cells are classified as prokaryotes. Human cells are animal cells and are classified as eukaryotic because they have a well-defined nucleolus and membrane-bound organelles. Part II: Organelles: Select the correct cell organelle from the dropdown menu. Note that you may have to scroll down to see the full list of organelles. 1. Regulates movement of materials in and out of the cell 2. The material surrounding the nucleus 3. Digests substances brought into the cell and destroys parts of the cell 4. Provides cell with energy through the breakdown of glucose during cellular respiration 5. Contains DNA and controls cellular activity 6. Produces components of ribosomes (RNA and proteins) 7. Site where protein synthesis begins 8. Studded with ribosomes and produces membrane

9. Detoxifies drugs and produces membranes 10. Sorts, modifies and packages proteins Part III: Tissues & Organs 1. Complete the table below by listing the four specific tissue types found within the human body and describe the function of each tissue. Tissue Type Function 1.Epithelial covers body surfaces, lines body cavities and organs, and forms glands. (Goodenough & McGuire, 2016) 2. Connective serves as a storage site for fat, plays an important role in immunity, and provides the body and its organs with protection and support. (Goodenough & McGuire, 2016) 3.Muscle s responsible for body movement and for movement of substances through the body. (Goodenough & McGuire, 2016) 4.Nervous conducts nerve impulses from one part of the body to another. (Goodenough & McGuire, 2016) Goodenough, J., & McGuire, B. A. (2016). Biology of Humans: Concepts, Applications, and Issues (6th ed.). Pearson Education (US). https://purdueuniversityglobal.vitalsource.com/books/9780134312996 2. Select one of the following organs and fill in the table based on your selected organ: ● Heart ● Lung ● Kidney ● Skin ● Liver ● Stomach The table should: a. Identify at least three tissue types found within your selected organ. b. List and describe at least three cell types found within your selected organ. Your description should address whether these cell types have any special structures (e.g. , presence of microvilli and/or abundance of particular organelle such as mitochondria) and ho w they contribute to the overall function of the organ.

Selected Organ: _ __Stomach_____ Three tissue types in selected organ Three cells in selected organ Description of each cell type (Include any special structures or abundance of a particular organelle in your description) Describe how the cell or tissue contributes to the overall function of the organ (Keep the specific characteristics of the cell/tissue in mind) 1.Epithelium surface mucous cells (foveolar cells)  Their nuclei are less- compressed basally  their apical mucus (King, 2022)  Tall & Columnar  Abundance of mucin granules  Short microvilli (Foveolar cell 2021) Secretes a thick layer of mucus that covers the stomach lining for protection and to assist food move through. (Sherrell, 2022) 2. Smooth Muscle parietal cells  Pyramidal shaped  Packed with mitochondria  Two different structural stages 1) resting state 2) Secreting state (Varela & Sergura, 2023) Secretes hydrochloric acid to assist in digestion and break down bacteria. In addition to the secretion of hydrochloric acid these cells also secrete a protein to aid in the absorption of B12 (Sherrell, 2022) 3. Connective chief cells (Zymogenic cells)  Rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum  Apical large dense zymogen containing granules (takes <1/3 of the cell body)  Nucleus is located at the base of the cell (Raufman, 2004) Secrete digestive enzymes to break down food (Sherrell, 2022) Part IV: Importance of Cell Diversity Describe what might happen if the assigned organ was made of a different tissue type. What if it was made of only one type of cell? How would homeostasis be compromised if this happened? Answer here: Should the stomach be made of any other type of tissue it is likely that the stomach would literally kill us. The acid that is contained in the stomach would leach out into the other organs causing serious

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