Micro information literacy fall 2023

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College of the Ouachitas *

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1124

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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docx

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6

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Infectious Disease Report During the final unit of microbiology each student will research and prepare a report on one human infectious disease . The report is your chance to demonstrate your correct use of microbiology concepts and vocabulary while gaining expertise in researching and writing about a topic. The report information should be written as though talking to fellow health care professionals, nurses and doctors. The report is worth 100 points. See the grading rubric below to understand the emphasis put on each part of the report. It is important to choose a proper disease for your report. The disease must be an infectious disease , caused by a pathogen – microbe or virus. If you are not sure about the disease to choose, or are having difficulty finding information, please talk to your instructor. Information that must be included in the report These will be the sections you need to include Infectious Agent – Pick only one agent, and it must be infectious. For example, HIV is what type of virus? How is it classified? Describe the infectious agent . Include important descriptive features such as taxonomy, cell morphology and cell wall type (bacteria), enveloped/nonenveloped, etc. as appropriate. If there is more than one possible agent for this disease (such as the common cold), note this, but focus on the most common pathogen. Genus and species names must be written correctly in italics, with only genus capitalized, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus . After first mention the genus can be abbreviated to first letter, e.g. S. aureus . Pathology, vectors (if any) transmission, timeline, appearance, and target tissues – For example HIV infects what tissues? Are there any unique features to this pathogen? Some agents go systemic; in that case describe the entire pathology. Be sure to note any stages, or similar periods. For example, chicken pox will cause a primary, infection and it is characterized by what? Then some people get shingles. Be sure to mention any specific appearance. For example chicken pox has a characteristic appearance. Are there any variations? You may include illustrations if you wish, but you need to include a written description. Quickly describe the target tissues for that disease. Note which tissues are targeted by the infection, or whether it is a systemic infection. If it is a systemic infection, describe the characteristics that contribute to the systemic spread of the infection. Epidemiology This pertains to the numbers of infections, case load. Ideas to look at are incidence, prevalence, and so on. The Arkansas department of health has a ton of information, and be sure to check out the CDC. Provide epidemiology information . How common is the disease globally and in the US? How common is it in Arkansas compared to rest of the states, if available? If there are vectors, vehicles or reservoirs important in its transmission among hosts? What are the risk factors for the disease? Things to be sure to do 1
Incorporate the terminology you have learned to give an accurate picture of the disease. This is your chance to put some of the terms you have learned into practice. Points are given for each term used correctly. You can, of course, use other terms. Be sure to define each. However if it is a term we did not cover in class I expect you to define it in your paper. Be sure to include the proper references. Examples (This is not an exhaustive list!): - Normal microflora, resident microflora, transient microflora, and/or opportunistic - C ommunicable or noncommunicable infectious disease - E xogenous or endogenous disease - Acute, chronic, or subacute disease - Local, focal or systemic infection - Septicemia, bacteremia, viremia, toxemia, sapremia , or none of these - P rimary infection, secondary infection, superinfection, or mixed infection Virulence factors Sometimes there are different strains/serotypes of a disease. How are these different? If virulence factors are involved, be sure to describe them. Describe at least 2 different virulence factors . This will include any molecular or cellular mechanisms specific to the agent that it uses to establish the infection, combat the immune system, or cause damage to host cells. Disease progression. This was mentioned earlier, but in this specific area be sure to discuss how the disease presents, develops and typical time of the case. Describe the symptom progression . List the approximate time and symptoms present for the course of the disease for a non-immune person. When do disease symptoms occur, and for how long? How long is the incubation period? Diagnostic process Indicate how the disease is typically diagnosed . Which cultures or other tests are typically conducted? What similar diseases are being ruled out by these tests? Name similar diseases with similar symptoms that would have to be ruled out before treatment. If there are none, state that there are none. Treatment, drugs, therapy needed In this section discuss how a patient would be treated. For example are any drugs available? Are there any resistant strains? If no drugs or treatment exist, state this. Report typical treatment . Which medicines are typically used? What is the mechanism of action of the medicine? How long is treatment? Is it curable? Infection control, and prevention How is the disease prevented ? Is there a vaccine, or best hygiene practice, or public health program to reduce transmission? Report Submission This will be turned in via blackboard and safe assign. Format Microsoft word only. 2
FAQs and things to be sure you do!! What about Covid? This is a new disease and is still being worked out. I would suggest SARS or MERS if you want to look at a corona virus. How long should it be? This is double spaced and without counting the references page, I don’t see how you can do this in under 5 double spaced pages, with 10-12 pitch characters, and 1 inch margins. Honestly this may vary a little – if you write about something that is well characterized it may be longer. Spelling and grammar are factors in the grade. Please write out any lists. Grammar note: In science you do not capitalize disease names (as well as most science terms), such as leprosy. You only capitalize disease names if it includes a proper noun (Parkinson’s disease) or starts a sentence. Taxonomic names should appear in italics, with the genus capitalized, but the species is in lower case ( Mycobacterium leprae ). Plagiarism . This will be checked for plagiarism, and be sure to include a list of references, and cite within the paper. Literature Cited This section should include a list of any materials that you used to prepare your report. This list should include more than textbook or lab manual information . The majority of your citations should include primary research articles from peer-reviewed papers or other highly-regarded and accepted sources. Hints – Sometimes companies that have drugs or treatments will have a bit on the disease or pathogen. These can be good but there is automatically a conflict of interest – that is why we frown on these. Yes, these play a big role in health care, but we are hoping to point you to more neutral areas. Look for proper scientific papers, and agencies such as CDC, NIH, and agencies like the Red Cross. Citation format – be consistent and pick one you are happy with. Use only one style. Each journal will have a style guide, and citation formats vary from one academic field to the next. In science, two styles are commonly used: the American Psychological Association (APA) and Council of Science Editors (CSE). Additionally, CSE has three accepted styles: citation-name, citation-sequence, and name-year. In the citation-name system, sources in the citations list are numbered alphabetically by the first author’s last name. Within the body of your report, cite these sources by placing the citation number as a superscript at the end of the related sentence. This is an “in-text citation.” Ex: Plants exclude sodium chloride from water taken up by the roots 1 . In the citation-sequence system, sources in the citations list are numbered in the order in which your paper references the citation in the body of the report. Within the body of your report, these citations are referenced in the same manner as the citation-name system, but the citations list is not alphabetical by author. 3
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In the name-year system, sources in the citations list are not numbered but are listed alphabetically by author’s last name . Within the body of your report, cite the source by giving the author’s last name and year of publication. For example: Plants exclude sodium chloride from water taken up by the roots (Munns, et al. 2020). While APA is widely accepted, CSE style is often preferred by science publishers and is also acceptable for your report. The citation style you use should be consistent throughout your report. A complete CSE style guide can be downloaded in pdf format from this site: https://research.wou.edu/c.php?g=551314&p=3784630 Helpful web sites: Center for Disease Control (CDC) www.cdc.gov National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ World Health Organization (WHO) www.who.int/en Arkansas Department of Health https://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/ Free Medical Journals http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/ Ideas for Report Topics New England Journal of Medicine https://www.nejm.org/ Arkansas Department of Health notifiable diseases, https://www.healthy.arkansas.gov/programs-services/program/diseases-and-conditions Center for Disease Control notifiable diseases, https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/infectious-tables.html JAMA Network https://jamanetwork.com/ Medical X Press https://medicalxpress.com/ CDC Current Outbreaks https://www.cdc.gov/outbreaks/index.html 4
Grading Rubric Accomplished Satisfactory Basic No Response Disease (2) Disease is an infectious disease (2) Disease is an infectious disease (2) Disease is an infectious disease (0) Disease not caused by a microbe or virus Infectious Agent (6) Includes all: scientific name in italics, indicates taxonomic group and general characteristics (5) Includes some: scientific name in italics, indicates taxonomic group and general characteristics (3) Includes minimal information (0) Not addressed Target Tissues (6) Target species/cell/tissue (s) indicated using proper A&P terms (5) Target species/cell/tissue (s) indicated using mostly proper A&P terms (4) Target species/cell/tiss ue (s) indicated using using nontechnical or incorrect terms (0) Not addressed Epidemiology (4) Indicates regions disease exists, general rates of infection for US and Arkansas where applicable (3) Indicates some regions disease exists, general rates of infection for US and Arkansas where applicable (2) Provides just region or infection rate (0) Not addressed Virulence Factors (4) Completely explains two aspects of microbe biology that increase transmission, infectivity, damage to tissues, or resistance to immune system (3) Partially explains two aspects of microbe biology that increase transmission, infectivity, damage to tissues, or resistance to immune system (2) mentions some aspects (0) Not addressed Symptom Progression (6) Completely explains typical progression of the disease, including incubation time, period of symptoms, and convalescence (5) Partially Explains typical progression of the disease, including incubation time, period of symptoms, and convalescence (4) Mentions some of the periods in typical disease (0) Not addressed Diagnosis (6) Completely explains diagnostic criteria and tests using correct technical terms (5) Partially explains diagnostic criteria and tests using correct technical terms (4) Mentions diagnosis using nontechnical or vague terms (0) Not addressed Similar diseases (4) Completely explains other, similar conditions the diagnostic process is ruling out (3 ) Partially explains other, similar conditions the diagnostic process is ruling out (2) Mentions other, similar conditions the diagnostic process is ruling out (0) Not addressed 5
Accomplished Satisfactory Basic No Response Treatment (6) Completely explains the typical treatment process, including specific antimicrobials, using technical terms (5) Partially explains the typical treatment process, including specific antimicrobials, using technical terms (4) Mentions treatment using nontechnical terms (0) Not addressed Terminology (10) (1 per term, up to eight) Correctly uses terms from this courses terminology lists. (≤ 8) Correctly uses terms from this courses terminology lists. (≤ 6) Correctly uses terms from this courses terminology lists. (0) No terms used. Only nonscientific terms used Citations (6) Uses correct in- text and citations style, including reliable, relevant references (5) Uses correct in- text and citations style, including reliable, relevant references (4) Uses correct in-text and citations style, including reliable, relevant references (0) Not addressed Total points possible 100 example 100-90% 100% 80-90% 81% 70-80% 61% 6
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