Practice Final Exam F23
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Biology
Date
Dec 6, 2023
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Practice Final Exam
1.
A protein’s secondary structure is determined by the hydrogen bonds that create stability. Which of
the following is an appropriate example of the secondary structure?
A.
Beta-pleated sheets
B.
Functional multi-subunit complexes
C.
Amino acids held together by peptide bonds
D.
Lipid-soluble protein with hydrophobic amino acids towards the centre
2.
Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) is one of the methods of assessing protein quality. Which of the
following statements is INCORRECT regarding PER?
A.
PER is very sensitive to amino acid balance, digestibility and toxic factors.
B.
The whole egg is considered optimal as the value of PER is 2.0.
C.
PER is calculated as total protein intake (g) divided by body weight gain (g).
D.
PER does not provide information about why a protein is poor quality.
3.
During the starvation state, which of the following is NOT happening?
A.
Insulin secretion from the pancreas
B.
Higher abundance of NH4+ than urea
C.
Ketone production
D.
Active glucose-alanine cycle
4.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding transamination?
A.
The enzyme aminotransferase catalyzes transamination reactions.
B.
All amino acids undergo transamination reactions.
C.
Transamination reactions produce an amino acid, usually glutamate, and alpha-ketoacid.
D.
None of the above
5.
High insulin levels inhibit the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase, and in turn, would result in
which of the following outcomes?
A.
Higher levels of malonyl CoA
B.
Activation of the enzyme carnitine palmitoyl-transferase CoA (CPT1)
C.
Activation of beta-oxidation
D.
All of the above
6.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the thyroid hormone T3?
A.
When T3 levels are low, the pituitary glad releases thyroid stimulating hormone.
B.
In tissues, T3 interacts with thyroid hormone receptor, which then binds to response elements
in the promoter regions of DNA to activate gene expression.
C.
T3 is lipophilic.
D.
T3 is converted to T4 in various tissues, primarily in the liver.
7.
Which of the following is correct regarding retinol bound to retinol binding protein (retinol-RBP)?
A.
Retinol-RBP brings retinol to a cell for its conversion to beta-carotene.
B.
Retinol-RBP cleaves the 2 fatty acids from retinol.
C.
Low levels of retinol-RBP stimulate hepatic retinyl esterase.
D.
All of the above
8.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding osteoporosis?
A.
Osteoporosis is difficult to reverse due to bone erosion.
B.
Infants with vitamin D deficiency are susceptible to osteoporosis.
C.
Osteoporosis occurs when there is a loss of bone mineral without impacting the organic parts of
bone.
D.
Chronic calcium toxicity increases the risk of developing osteoporosis.
9.
Which of the following nutrients would enhance absorption of iron?
A.
Vitamin C
B.
Polyphenols
C.
Oxalic acid
D.
Insoluble fibres
10.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding folic acid?
A.
Folic acid is the oxidized form of the vitamin.
B.
Folic acid is found in fortified foods and nutritional supplements.
C.
Folic acid has a polyglutamate structure.
D.
Folic acid is 100% bioavailable.
11.
Which of the following is an INCORRECT nutrient deficiency - disease pair?
A.
Vitamin D - rickets
B.
Iron - keshan disease
C.
Folate - neural tube defects
D.
Fluoride - tooth decay
12.
Which of the following factors decreases calcium absorption?
A.
Pregnancy
B.
Lactation
C.
Vitamin D
D.
Caffeine
13.
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the regeneration of glutathione?
A.
Reforming glutathione requires the enzyme glutathione oxidase.
B.
Only niacin is required to regenerate glutathione.
C.
FAD accepts 2 electrons from NADPH and becomes FADH2, which will pass those electrons
to regenerate glutathione.
D.
Upon regeneration of glutathione, oxidative stress is elevated.
14.
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase?
A.
The enzyme prolyl hydroxylase when active has iron in the oxidized state at its core.
B.
Vitamin C is needed to regenerate the active form of the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase.
C.
The enzyme prolyl hydroxylase mediates hydroxylation reactions involved in the synthesis of
collagen.
D.
None of the above
15.
Patient A has been taking antibiotics chronically and displays symptoms related to dysfunctional
gamma-carboxylation. You conclude that Patient A has which of the following vitamin
deficiencies?
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Course Code: BIO-121
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(ii)
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(iii)
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(b) Include all charges as expected at physiological pH (pH = 7.5)
() Rank these three amino acid residues by hydrophobicity, pKa, and by nucleophilicity
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(e) What group(s) eclipse each other if Phi = 0 degrees? Words and Pictures.
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H₂N*
Pka: 9.13
H₂C
с
C._hydrophobicity:
1. phenylalanine (most)
2. Serine
3. Histidinelleast)
ده
H
H.
HIN
OH
I
CH₂
CHO
pka:
1. Serine (nighest)
2.…
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A Paragraph
В I
国 回
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C.
Ex cu &
H₂N-CH-C-N-CH₂-C-N-CH-C-0-
H (CH₂)4
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H
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G
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correct answer per question.
1. Band
2. Lane
3. Well
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5. Which end is nearest the negative electrode, A or B?
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B.
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A
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B
45
20% nonpolar, 80% polar
C
98
85% nonpolar, 15% polar
IpH
9
3
5
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