Exam 4 Review Quiz ANSWER KEY

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Dec 6, 2023

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Exam 4 Review Quiz ANSWER KEY 1. How many _____ are there? (NOV 10) codons (including stop codons) 64 amino acids 20 tRNAs 30 acyl-tRNA synthetases 20 2. What amino acid is attached to the tRNA with the anticodon 3’UCC5’? Refer to the genetic code table for this question. (NOV 10) Arg Ser Pro Gly 3. Check all that are TRUE of translation initiation in PROKARYOTES. (NOV 12) The 16s rRNA recognizes the Shine-Dalgarno sequence ahead of the AUG translation start codon The start codon is positioned in the A site Initiation requires many initiation factor proteins The AUG start codon is embedded in a specific sequence called the Kozak sequence The first tRNA is charged with fMet 4. The covalent peptide bond that holds the amino acids together in a protein are formed during translation by what? And where? (NOV 12) By proteins in the large subunit of the ribosome By proteins in the small subunit of the ribosome By an rRNA in the small subunit of the ribosome By an rRNA in the large subunit of the ribosome 5. The sequence of a gene (protein coding) mutates from “AT TGATCAC” to “AC TGATCAC”. Select all of the terms that apply to this mutation at the DNA level and at the protein level. Make sure to only select terms referring to DNA level mutations in the row labeled DNA etc. (NOV 15) DNA: Transition Protein: Non-synonymous/missense, non-conservative 6. Fill in the blanks with the proper terms... (NOV 19 th ) When sequencing a genome, multiple copies of the DNA are fragmented into short pieces called reads , which collectively are called a library . These sequenced pieces overlap and can be stitched back together, forming contigs . Finally, the stitched sequences (which do NOT overlap), can be connected with gap sequences to form scaffolds . 7. Match the following terms with their definitions: (NOV 19 th ) Genes that share a common ancestral sequence Homologs Genes that share an ancestral sequence and diverged due to the formation of new species Orthologs Genes that share an ancestral sequence and diverged due to gene duplication in one species Paralogs 8. Which enzyme adds acetyl groups to histone proteins? (NOV 8 th ) Histone acetyl transferase (HAT) Histone methyl transferase (MHT)
Histone acetylase(HAC) Histone deacetylase(HDAC) 9. Match the term with its definition. (NOV 8 th ) cis-acting element in gene regulation in eukaryotes → Enhancer trans-acting factor that binds to enhancers to regulate gene expression in eukaryotes → Transcription Factor 10. What protects the 5' end of the mRNA from degradation? What protects the 3' end? (NOV 1 st ) The 5’ cap protects the 5’ end and the poly A tail protects the 3’ end. 14. The 5' end of an intron usually contains the nucleotides __ GU __. The 3' end contains the nucleotides __ AG __ which are recognized by the spliceosome. (NOV 1 st ) 15. What ribosomal binding sequence is upstream of the start codon in prokaryotes? (NOV 12 th ) TATA box -10 and -35 regions Kozak sequence Shine-Dalgarno Sequence 11. In Eukaryotes, DNA is associated with __ histones _____ that leads to the formation of ___ nucleosomes ___, which is the first level of DNA compaction in the formation of chromatin. (NOV 3 rd ) 12. How many core histones are there and what are their names? (NOV 3 rd ) There are 8 core histones, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 13. Two nucleosomes are attached with what histone(s)? (NOV 3 rd ) H2A H2B H1 H3 H4 H2 14. Tautomerization of bases during replication almost always causes: transition mutations transversion mutations indels frameshifts 15. Which change in DNA structure is most likely to interfere with both replication and transcription? a fixed point mutation tautomerization of nitrogenous bases basepair mismatch pyrimidine dimer
16. If a helix has a basepair mismatch (for instance, a C-A basepair instead of the normal C-G) and the mismatch is not repaired before replication, both daughter cells have a fixed mutation in their DNA in the next generation. True False
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