Lab #10 & 11 & 12 - Muscular System 2022 - Tagged

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Montgomery County Community College *

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110

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Lab #10, 11 & 12 Muscular System - VBSC/BIOL 421 Resources: Below is a link to an online dissection of the cat muscular system. Although it is not an adequate substitute for dissection of the cat, it does provide an opportunity for study and review of the muscles outside of the lab. Other similar resources are available on the web. https://web.archive.org/web/20041209103434/http://www.bio.psu.edu/faculty/strauss/anatomy/biology29.htm Expectations: 1. In the Lab manual, read pages 47-50. 2. Understand the following terms : Some of these terms are described in the assigned reading. For others, you may have to make use of additional resources such as a medical dictionary. 1. Origin 2. Insertion 3. Belly 4. Flexion 5. Extension 6. Abduct 7. Adduct 8. Protraction 9. Retraction 10. Rotation 11. Pronate 12. Supinate 13. Tendon 14. Raphe 15. Fascia 16. Ligament 17. Aponeurosis 18. Linea alba 19. Brachium 20. Antebrachium 21. Thigh 22. Shank 23. Crus 24. Axilla 25. Inguinal 26. Calf 27. Ileum 28. Ischium 29. Pubis 30. Acetabulum 31. Stifle 32. Hock Dissection: Three laboratory sessions (Labs 10-12) are devoted to the dissection of the muscular system. Lab #13 – Joints, is short; you will have additional time to review the muscles during that lab. 1. Shark: Be able to identify and understand the functional significance the following structures. See the lab manual (page 135 ) for instructions on skinning the shark. Be careful when removing skin from the pelvic fin of the male shark so as not to damage the siphons. a. Trunk musculature (Page 137) i. Myomere ii. Myosepta iii. Horizontal septa iv. Epaxial v. Hypaxial b. Pectoral fin muscles (Page 138) i. pectoral abductor (“extensor”) muscle ii. pectoral adductor (“flexor”) muscle c. Jaw muscles (Page 140) i. Adductor mandibulae: What is the action of this muscle? 2. Cat: You should be able to identify the muscles listed below on a specimen or from a written description of the muscle. Note: You only need to know the action of a muscle if the action is highlighted in the text below . Example: This muscle has its origin on the xiphoid process and inserts on the humerus. What is its name and action? Answer: xiphihumeralis; adducts the forelimb

3. The procedures for skinning and dissecting the muscles of the cat begin on page 429 of the lab manual. The blue squares and text provide instructions for dissection. Please check with your instructor if the instructions are not clear. Most of your dissection can be done with a scissors and forceps. Please try to do as much of the dissection as possible with out using a scalpel. Important!!!!! During dissection and identification of muscles, refer to a whole cat skeleton to observe the points of origin and insertion and determine how contraction of the muscle would move the parts. Suggestions: 1. Study each group of muscles in the sequence described in this lab exercise (a, b, c…). 2. The lab exercise provides a list of the muscles and basic information about each. Refer to the lab manual for dissection instructions, photos, and more complete descriptions of the muscles. Lab 10 a. Superficial Thoracic muscles (Page 431) i. Pectoral muscles – As a group, these muscles have their origin along the sternum and insert on the forelimb. Their action is to adduct the forelimb. 1. pectoantebrachialis— the most anterior a. Origin – Manubrium b. Insertion – proximal antebrachium c. Action – adducts forelimb 2. pectoralis major —smaller than the pectoralis minor in the cat (but in the human it is the largest of the pectoral muscles) a. Origin – cranial portion of sternum b. Insertion – shaft of humerus c. Action – adducts forelimb 3. pectoralis minor —the largest pectoral muscle in the cat a. Origin – sternum b. Insertion – humerus c. Action – adducts forelimb 4. xiphihumeralis —the most posterior (often torn during skinning) a. Origin – median raphe over the xiphoid process b. Insertion – humerus c. Action – adducts forelimb b. Abdominal muscles (Page 432) i. external oblique 1. Insertion – Linea alba 2. Action – compresses abdomen ii. internal oblique 1. Insertion – Linea alba 2. Action – compresses abdomen iii. transversus abdominus 1. Insertion – Linea alba 2. Action – compresses abdomen iv. rectus abdominus 1. Origin - Pubis 2. Insertion – Proximal sternum and costal cartilage 3. Action – Flexion of the trunk

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