Unit 1_questions

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Unit 1: Introduction to Biology Unit Overview The following unit provides an overview of the history of science, the scientific method and includes important terminology and characteristics of science and scientific research. The concept, classification and characteristics of life are explained and the theories of evolution and natural selection are explored. Differences and similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are introduced. Key Terms: science hypothesis theory law principle experimentation study description study comparison study modeling study variable control error rate confidence interval mean range standard deviation natural selection evolution heritable fitness Section A: Multiple Choice Questions 1) Which of the following characteristics are associated with life? A) growth and reproduction B) responding to the environment C) metabolism D) adaptation E) all of the above 2) Which of the following sequences describes the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level? A) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism B) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle C) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere D) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ E) ecosystem, cell, population, tissue, organism, organ system

3) In terms of the hierarchical organization of life, a bacterium is at the __________ level of organization, whereas a human is at the __________ level of organization. A) single organelle; organism B) tissue; organism C) single-celled organism; multicellular organism D) single tissue; multicellular organism E) organelle; organ system 4) The lowest level of biological organization that exhibits the characteristics required for life is the A) organelle B) organism C) tissue D) organ system E) cell 5) Which of the following statements concerning prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is not correct? A) Prokaryotic cells contain small membrane-enclosed organelles. B) Prokaryotic cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus. C) Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus. D) DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. E) DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is present in both prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. 6) The branch of biology that is concerned with naming and classifying organisms is called A) taxonomy B) informatics C) schematic biology D) evolution E) genomics

7) Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have which of the following in common? A) ribosomes B) endoplasmic reticulum C) a membrane-bounded nucleus D) membrane-bound organelles E) a cell wall made of cellulose 8) Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same A) class. B) order. C) kingdom. D) phylum. E) all of the above 9) Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive? A) kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, species B) class, order, kingdom, phylum, family, genus, species C) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species D) genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family E) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species 10) A water sample from the Hudson River contained a single-celled organism with free ribosomes but no nucleus. What is its most likely classification? A) Eukarya B) Fungi C) Plantae D) Archaea E) Animalia 11) Which of the following is (are) true of natural selection? A) involves differential reproductive success B) results from competition C) requires genetic variation D) B and C only E) A, B, and C

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12) Which statement is NOT a component of Darwin's theory of natural selection? A) Better adapted members of a species will survive and reproduce more successfully. B) Small heritable variations in a population may make an individual more or less likely to survive in its environment, and thus to reproduce. C) Every organism has the potential to produce more offspring than the local environment can support. D) Most individuals in a species do not survive to reproduce. E) Characteristics of organisms are inherited as genes on chromosomes. 13) Consider the following scenario: the pollution levels in an industrial area are reducing which leads to a reduction in the amount of ash deposited on white tree bark. Based on your knowledge of natural selection, you would predict that the occurrence of dark moths would A) rapidly decline. B) gradually increase. C) rapidly increase. D) remain unchanged. E) gradually decline. 14) What is a hypothesis? A) a verifiable observation sensed directly, or sensed indirectly with the aid of scientific instrumentation B) a fact based on qualitative data that is testable C) a fact based on quantitative data that is falsifiable D) a tentative explanation that can be tested and is falsifiable E) the same thing as an unproven theory 15) A controlled experiment is one in which A) there are at least two groups that differ by two or more variables. B) the experiment is replicated to ensure accurate results. C) there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment. D) the scientist controls that rate of the experiment to ensure all reactions are observed and all the data is collected and analyzed E) there is one group where all variables are controlled.

16) What is the purpose of a control group? A) a control group is required for the development the hypothesis. B) the control group provides the subjects that are to be experimented on C) a control group assures the results are replicable. D) the control group is the group the researcher uses to predict what the results will be. E) without a control group, there is no way to know if a result is due to the variable being tested or to some other factor. 17) What element is found in all organic compounds? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) helium D) carbon E) iron 18) Which of these is NOT an example of a cell? A) bacteria B) prokaryote C) archaea D) virus E) protist 19) Evolution is biology's core theme that ties together all the other themes. This is because evolution explains A) explains why some organisms have traits in common. B) why distantly related organisms sometimes resemble each other. C) the unity and diversity of life. D) how organisms become adapted to their environment through the differential reproductive success of varying individuals. E) all of the above 20) Which of these choices is an example of two homologous structures? A) human hand - bat wing B) insect wing - human arm C) bird wing - bat wing D) Bacterial flagella - human sperm flagella

21) Which of the following are characteristics shared by both domain Bacteria and domain Archaea? A) nucleus B) lysosome C) golgi apparatus D) DNA 22) Which of these is an example of an organelle? A) chloroplast B) muscle C) maple leaf D) intestine E) epidermis 23) Which of these is not an example of an organelle? A) ribosome B) mitochondria C) golgi apparatus D) DNA E) lysosome 24) Which of these is an example of a eukaryotic cell? A) muscle B) human C) virus D) bacteria E) archaea 25) All plants, animals, and fungi belong to which group(s)? A) domain Archaea B) domain Eukarya C) kingdom Protista D) kingdom Prokarya E) domain Bacteria

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Section B: True/False Questions 1) Charles Darwin presented verifiable evidence that supported the view that life can arise by spontaneous generation. TRUE FALSE 2) Discovery science has contributed much to our understanding of nature without most of the steps of the so-called scientific method. TRUE FALSE 3) Science requires that hypothesis be testable and falsifiable and that observations be repeatable. TRUE FALSE 4) Protists and bacteria are grouped into different domains because protists have a membrane-bound nucleus while bacteria do not. TRUE FALSE 5) Describing the flight path of a bird is an example of quantitative data while recording the various heights a bird flies at is an example of qualitative data. TRUE FALSE 6) A controlled experiment includes an experimental group compared to a control or non-treated group. TRUE FALSE 7) A hypothesis is broad in scope and used to predict; theories are specific, narrow and already proven to be true. TRUE FALSE

8) A hypothesis and theory both originate from direct observations. TRUE FALSE 9) The theory of natural selection is based upon observing the patterns of non- heritable traits and how they are excluded from the general population. TRUE FALSE 10) The base structure of DNA is similar between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. TRUE FALSE

Section C: Short Answer Questions 1. Based on your knowledge thus far, list three characteristics that are similar and three characteristics that differ between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. 2. What are the five main components of the scientific method. Briefly describe each step. Is this process linear? Why or why not. 3. List and describe the four common modalities of research. Give an example for each modality. 4. What are the two types of controls that can be utilized when designing an experiment? Give an example for each type. Why are controls important? 5. Define the terms hypothesis, theory, law and principal. 6. List and define the seven properties of life. 7. What theory is Darwin known for? List the four main components of his theory. Does this theory work on non-heritable traits? Why or why not. 8. Consider the structure of the mammalian hand. There is a wide variety of arrangements in bone structure. Your friend is a creationist and uses this to prove that evolution does not exist. Use this same example to explain to your friend why his thinking may be flawed. 9. Can a single cell be considered alive? Why or why not. 10. Are Darwin’s finches considered to fall under the classification of experimental research? Why or why not.

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