Exam 4 review questions

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Exam 4 review questions Example exam questions: 1. a. If P- is an allele of permease that does not function, what would you predict (none, low, or high) to be the β-galactosidase activity with and without lactose? (4pts) Genotype -lactose +lactose I + O + β + P - I + O + β + P - / I + O + β + P + b. Explain your prediction below. (4pts) limit 6 sentences c. Jacob and Monod confirmed that the protein that inhibits the lac operon, I, is a protein by comparing the results of β-galactosidase activity of their haploid and diploid cells in the presence and absence of lactose. Design an experiment that would allow you to confirm that the inhibitor protein binds to the promoter sequence for lacO in the absence of lactose and is unbound in the presence of lactose. Explain your experimental set up and expected results. (6pts) 2. The following are the coding strands of the wild type and two mutants of a protein that you are interested in. Use the genetic code to translate each sequence. For the mutants, state what type of mutation has occurred. Wildtype 5’-ATGGGCGAAAACGAAAGCGCGCGCGAAGGCCGCGAAGCGACCTGA-3’ Mutant A 5’ATGGGCGAAAACGAAAGGCGCGCGAAGGCCGCGAAGCGACCTGA-3’ Mutant B 5-ATGGGCGATAACGAAAGCGCGCGCGAAGGCCGCGAAGCGACCTGA-3
3. What is the name of the enzyme responsible for transcribing the above proteins and would it transcribe using the coding strand? 4. Explain how the difference in cell morphology of eukaryotes and bacteria impact how quickly they are able to respond to environmental changes. (4 points,3 sentence max.) 5. Researchers were interested in understanding how a bacteria involved in gingivitis responds to exposure to hydrogen peroxide. They used a technique to determine the fold change (gene expression after exposure to hydrogen peroxide divided by gene expression without hydrogen peroxide) in expression of genes known to be involved in oxidative stress response. The authors claim that ocyR is constitutively expressed. What does this mean and how do their data (below) support this claim? The questions below are not example exam questions but they cover a number of key topics and I HIGHLY suggest you practice these questions to review for the exam. These
are opportunities to review key concepts you need to know for the exam. Be sure to review the flipped Friday activities and the in-class lecture questions. 1. What quality control mechanisms ensure that an mRNA is fully processed prior to its export through the nuclear pore into the cytosol? 2. Identify at least to cis-acting and trans-acting factors we have discussed in class so far. ( You should be able to reason from data if a gene regulation element is cis or trans acting and explain your reasoning. Review the lac operon activity module 27, reviewed in module 28, for practice ) 3. List the major functions of sigma factor during transcription initiation in prokaryotes. Which factors fulfill analogous functions during the initiation of transcription for eukaryotic mRNAs? 4. Which of the following are part of a mature mRNA, but are NOT found in the DNA sequence? ( See Module 33 Flipped Friday activity part 1 for practice ) PolyA tail Exon Intron 5' cap Promoter Branch point adenosine Which of the following are found in or encoded by the DNA sequence, but are NOT part of the mature mRNA? PolyA tail Exon Intron 5' cap Promoter Branch point adenosine 5. A mutation occurs a gene that results in the deletion of 3 nucleotides within intron 1 that comprise part of its 3’ splice site. This mutation results in “skipping” of exon 2 (that is, exon 1 is spliced directly to exon 3). Speculate about why this mutation causes this effect. Hint: First draw how splicing should NORMALLY occur. Use the drawing below to help you get started. Label the cis-acting sequences required for splicing. Practice talking about the different steps that occur. 6. Which of the following DNA sequences is likely to terminate bacterial transcription through the intrinsic mechanism? Assume that the gene of interest is transcribed from a promoter located to the left of the sequence shown. Explain your reasoning.
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