Copy of Phys Practice exam 2

the diffusion of calcium ( Ca ++) into the cell (D) the diffusion of potassium (K+) out of the cell (E) the diffusion of sodium (Na+) into the cell The afferent nerve activity that is responsible for the knee - jerk (stretch ) reflex originates pain receptors 5. in (A) (B) ( C ) (D) muscle spindles (E ) joint receptors cutaneous bare nerve endings Golgi tendon organs 6.

(D ) (E) pre-central gyrus limbic system ventrobasal complex of the thalamus paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus At normal room temperature (21°C) and humidity, and with little air movement, a clothed person would lose heat mainly by (A) vaporization (B) conduction convection (C ) (D ) increased respiration (E ) radiation 11. Muscle spindles

thoracic spinal cord (D) medulla oblongata (E) dorsal root ganglia 15. When room temperature exceeds skin temperature, body heat is lost mainly by (A) radiation , but gained by convection (B) evaporation, but gained by radiation (C ) respiration, but gained conduction (D) radiation and conduction (E) none of the above 16. A patient was observed to have disturbed heat regulation following a stroke damaged neural tissue in (A) occipital lobe (B) medial cerebellum (C ) substantia nigra

Broca's area (E) temporal lobe Arrange the following steps to describe the proper sequence of events in a muscle contraction beginning with the action potential in the motor nerve. U - Tropomyosin roles off myosin binding sites - cross bridges form V - Acetylcholine released and attaches to motor endplate W X - Action potential triggers Ca++ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum - Na+ flows into cell Y - Ca++ binds to troponin Ꮓ - Ca++ flows into presynaptic nerve (A ) V, W , Z, Y, X , U (B ) Z, V, Y , W, U , X (C ) Z , W, Y, V, U, X ( D) Z, V, X, W, Y, U

(B) (C ) (D ) (E ) 25 . Ca ** can no longer be pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum myosin cannot be released from actin when the muscle cell runs out of ATP acetylcholine is no longer released from the motor nerve action potentials no longer travel down the transverse (T) tubules none of the above are correct Blood from the left ventricle flows directly into the (A) pulmonary vein (B ) pulmonary artery (C) right atrium (D) (E) aorta 26 . (A) aorta (B) inferior vena cava

intercalated disks (D) motor nerves (E) actin and myosin 30 . Which of the following contributes to the pacemaker potentialin the SA node of the heart ? (A) a small amount of Na+ leaking into the pacemaker cells (B) an increase in K+ leaking into the pacemaker cells (C) a small amount of chloride ions (C1- ) leaking into the pacemaker cells (D ) (E) an increase in the amount of Ca ++ leaving the cells in the SA node both A and D are correct Which of the following statements about the conducting system in the heart is correct ? 31 . (A) (B ) (C)

During the QRS complex (C) During the isovolumetric relaxation phase (D ) Between the T wave and the following P wave (E) Directly after the opening of the aortic valve 35. (A ) (B) Which of the following will increase cardiac output ? increasing the activity of the parasympathetic nervous system to the heart decreasing the afterload on the heart ( C) decreasing the end diastolic volume in the heart ( D) decreasing the activity of the sympathetic nervous system (E) decreasing the slope of the pacemaker potential 36 .

37. You are monitoring the cardiovascular system of an exercising patient and acquire the following data: heart rate end diastolic volume cardiac output systolic pressure diastolic pressure This person's is end systolic volume is 200 beat per minute 250 ml 43 L/ min 140 mmHg 80 mmHg (A) 28 ml ( B) 35 ml (C ) 50 ml (D) 85 ml cannot be calculated from this data You are conducting an experiment on a human being, you first measure the end diastolic

volume (EDV ) of your subject at rest (control situation) . You then manipulate your subject and noticed that their end diastolic volume (EDV) increased compared to the resting situation . This manipulation could have been a stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system making the subject repeatedly contract and relax their leg muscles giving the subject a drug which vasoconstricted the veins ( A) (B) (C) (D ) both B and C are correct (E ) all of the above are correct 38. (A) (B ) ( C) (D) Which of the following statements about arterioles is correct? They are the main site of gas exchange between blood and the interstitial fluid . They carry blood from capillaries to veins They are the principle site of resistance in the circulatory system They contain the largest amount of elastic tissue ( E ) They have the smallest drop in blood pressure 39.

Given the following data: Capillary hydrostatic pressure of plasma 20 mmHg Plasma osmotic pressure 24 mmHg Interstitial osmotic pressure mmHg Interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure Assume K+= 1 -8 mmHg The pressure and direction of the net fluid movement within the capillary bed is: 40 . (A) 12 mmHg favouring reabsorption (B ) 8 mmHg favouring filtration 10 mmHg favouring filtration (C) (D)

(E) 2 mmHg favouring reabsorption 18 mmHg favouring reabsorption Which of the following is true about the myogenic theory of autoregulation? (A) If a sudden increase in blood pressure occurs, arterioles will constrict to reduce blood pressure and flow to the vital organ Chemicals are released by arterioles which will be detected by baroreceptors to decrease blood pressure (B) (C) (E ) @@ (D) Stretch of the ventricular wall will increase blood pressure in the arteries Stretch of the walls of the aorta will cause a decrease in heart rate None of the above are correct

According to the metabolic theory of autoregulation, which of the following will cause a increase in blood flow through an organ? (A) (B ) Increase in oxygen levels in the blood A decrease in lactic acid levels in the blood (C) A decrease in temperature in the organ or tissue (D) An increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood (E) A, B and C are correct A sudden decrease in blood pressure will be detected by sensors in the circulatory system which will initiate the baroreceptor reflex. Changes will then occur throughout the cardiovascular system which may include which of the following? vasodilation of blood vessels increased release of norepinephrine onto the cells of the SA node (A ) (B) decreased heart rate (C) (D) decrease cardiac output

(E) both A and C are correct DIRECTIONS : For each of the incomplete statements below, ONE or MORE of the completions given is correct . Answer (A) if only 1, 2 and 3 are correct (B) if only 1 and 3 are correct (C) if only 2 and 4 are correct (D) if only 4 is correct (E) if ALL are correct The presence of oligodendrocytes around axons increases the axon diameter 43. 1. 2. 3 . 4. allows for saltatory conduction increases the conduction velocity along peripheral nerve axons lowers the resistance around the axon Action potentials differ from receptor ( generator) potentials in that

they have no threshold are of constant amplitude and duration when conducted along axons are graded responses initiated at the axon hillock in central neurons 44 . 1. 2. 3 . 4. 45. A patient that becomes obese as a result of overeating may have 1. 2. 3. 4. an increased release of the transmitter orexin in the lateral hypothalamus a tumour of the preoptic area damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus an over excited posterior hypothalamus 46 . 1.

The adrenal medulla is primarily under the control of 2. 3. A. the anterior hypothalamus posterior and dorsomedial hypothalamus supraoptic nucleus sympathetic nervous system A B C D E 1,2,3 1,3 2,4 4 only all are correct 47 . Contraction of skeletal muscles can be initiated by the activation of 1234 1. gamma motor neurons 2. muscle spindles 3. monosynaptic stretch reflex 4. alpha motor neurons 48. Pyrogens can produce fever by

49 . 1. directly activating neurons in the hypothalamus to change the temperature set- point causing white blood cells to produce interleukin I 2. 3. 4. acting on blood vessels to cause them to constrict and hold body heat indirectly having an effect on neurons in the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) The limbic system and hypothalamus work together to 1. 2. 3. provide central representation of the autonomic nervous system to control ingestive behaviours control sexual function 4. provide conscious control of movement Proprioceptive information is integrated by basal ganglia 50. 1 . 2. 3. 4. dorsal column nuclei ventrobasal complex of the thalamus substantia nigra

51. A reflex arc can include 1. 2. 3. 4. an effector organ a receptor an afferent neuron a gland A 1,2,3 B 1,3 C D E 2.4 4 only all are correct 52. Damage to the cerebellum is associated with 1234 1. resting tremor 2 . dysmetria 3. 4. rigidity dysarthri a

53. Cerebrospinal fluid 1. 2 . 3. 4. is made in the choroid plexus isotonic with blood contains high concentration of sodium ion is higher in glucose concentration than plasma 54. Polydipsia in humans may result/ from increased 55 . त तं तत ダ activity of supraoptic nucleus neurons WANIN plasma osmolality secretion of vasopressin salt ingestion

Hemiparesis (impairment of voluntary movements on one side of the body ) in humans can result from lesions of the ventral corticospinal tract mi cim t 1. 2. damage to the lateral corticospinal tract 3 . damage to the substantia nigra 4. damage to motor nerves 56 . 57. A B C D E 1,2,3 1,3 2,4 4 only all are correct

Treatment for Parkinson's disease may include stimulation of the thalamus 1 . 2. neural grafts implanted in basal ganglia 3. lesions of the basal ganglia 4 . administration of L -dopa A 18 year female hockey player had a left cervical spinal cord compression after hitting the boards with her head . What symptoms does she show ? 1 . 2 . 3. 4 . unable to feel a painful stimulus applied to her right foot is unable to feel the coldness of the ice on her left leg is unable to move her left foot is unable to feel the movement of her right leg 58.

59. Glial cells 1. are supportive cells in both the central and peripheral nervous systems regulate the passage of substances between the cerebral spinal fluid and brain form myelin sheathes around peripheral axons 2. 3. 4. make up about 10% of all nervous tissue A 72 year old male patient suffered a stroke that involved the basal ganglia . The patient was observed to show symptoms of 1. 2. 3. 4 . 60. 1 . 2. 3. 4 . intention tremor chorea hypotonia cog-wheel rigidity

Loss of neurons in the substantia nigra results in decreased dopamine release in the basal ganglia loss of balance poverty of movement increased sexual drive A B C D E 1,2,3 1,3 2,4 4 only all are correct 61 . 62. 63. Which of the following is true about the nodes of Ranvier? 1. They are found on the dendrites of nerve cells

2. They are located on the axon of unmyelinated neurons 3. Their presence slows the conduction of the action potential down the neuron 4. Na + and K+ voltage gated channels are located in these regions . In a stressful ( fight or flight ) situation which of the following would you expect to occur in the heart ? 1. 2. 3. 4 . Increased Na+ entry into the pacemaker cells compared to normal (before the growling sound ) . Hyperpolarization of the pacemaker cells . Decreased K + leaving the pacemaker cells compared to normal. A longer and less steep pacemaker potential compared to normal. Which of the following will increase cardiac output? 1. 2. 3. 4. The release of norepinephrine onto the cells of the SA node Increasing the amount of Ca++ entering the cells of the SA node Increasing the preload on the heart Decreasing the amount of blood returning to the heart (venous return)

Which of the following will decrease stroke volume ? 64 . 1. 2. increasing end systolic volume (ESV) increasing end diastolic volume (EDV) 3. 65. 4. activating sympathetic nervous system release of acetylcholine onto ventricular muscle The baroreceptor reflex involves which of the following structures: Baroreceptors in the aortic arch Baroreceptors in the carotid sinus 1 . 2. 3. Sympathetic nerves 4 . Cardiovascular regulatory centre in the brain stem Term 1 Exam Question Answers 34 D

1 2 3 + 1 D 2 B 35 B C 36 B 4 D 37 D 5 Ꭰ

38 C 6 D 39 D 7 B 40 A 8 C 41 D 9 C 42 C 10 E 43 11 C 44 12 E 45 B 13 B 46 14 C 47 E 15 B 48 AUSAU

C /D 16 D 49 A 17 B 50 C 18 C 51 E 19 A 52 C 20 D 53 А 21 C 54 * 22 A 55 C 23 D 56 E 24 B 57 B 25 D

58 A 26 C 59 C 27 E 60 B 28 B 61 D 29 E 62 B 30 A 63 A 31 A 64 C 32 B 65 E 33 A Question eliminated