Chapter 30

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Douglas College *

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1210

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Exam Name___________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. Figure 30.1 1) As you are on the way to Tahiti for a vacation, your plane crash - lands on a previously undiscovered island. You soon find that the island is teeming with unfamiliar organisms and, as a student of biology, you decide to survey them (with the aid of the Insta - Lab Portable Laboratory you brought along in your suitcase). You select three organisms and observe them in detail, making the notations found in Figure 30.1. Which organism would you classify as an animal? A) organism A B) organism B C) organism C Answer: C 2) From the information provided in the figure above, how would you classify the feeding strategy of organism C? A) suspension feeding B) predation C) parasitism D) A and B E) B and C Answer: D 3) Which of the following species would you not classify as an animal? A) sponges B) blue whales C) choanoflagellates D) horses Answer: C 4) Which of the following statements concerning animal taxonomy is/are true? 1. Animals are more closely related to plants than to fungi. 2. All animal clades based on body plan have been found to be incorrect. 3. Kingdom Animalia is monophyletic. 4. Animals only reproduce sexually. 5. Animals are thought to have evolved from flagellated protists similar to modern choanoflagellates. A) 3 and 5 B) 5 only C) 1 and 2 D) 2 and 4 E) 3, 4, and 5 Answer: A 1

5) The evolution of animal species has been prolific (the estimates go into the millions and tens of millions). To what does the text attribute much of this diversity? A) a large variety of methods for capturing and processing food B) a large variety of body plans C) novel reproductive strategies D) the development of multiple tissue types E) a complex nervous system providing the intelligence for survival in difficult times Answer: A 6) Which tissue type, or organ, is not correctly matched with its germ layer tissue? A) stomach–endoderm B) skin–ectoderm C) muscular–mesoderm D) nervous–mesoderm E) skeletal–mesoderm Answer: D 7) In examining an unknown animal species during its embryonic development, how can you be sure what you are looking at is a protostome and not a deuterostome? A) There is a well - developed coelom. B) The mouth develops first, and the anus develops later. C) There is evidence of cephalization. D) The animal is triploblastic. E) The animal is clearly bilaterally symmetrical. Answer: B 8) While looking at some seawater through your microscope, you spot the egg of an unknown animal. Which of the following tests could you not use to determine whether the developing organism is a protostome or a deuterostome? A) See whether the coelom is formed from a split in the mesoderm or from mesodermal pockets pinched off the gut. B) See whether the animal exhibits spiral cleavage or radial cleavage during early development. C) See whether the pore formed during gastrulation becomes the mature animal's mouth or its anus. D) See whether the ectoderm forms the mature animal's skin/exoskeleton or nervous system. Answer: D 2

Figure 30.2 9) Which morphological trait evolved more than once in animals, according to the phylogeny based on DNA sequence data found in Figure 30.2 above? A) bilateral symmetry B) coelom C) protostome development D) segmentation E) tissue Answer: D 10) Bilateral symmetry is advantageous primarily because it allows for the development of A) duplicate body parts in case of injury. B) limbs for the infant to attach to a parent. C) a specialized head and posterior. D) a specialized body cavity. E) a hydrostatic skeleton. Answer: C 3

11) Suppose a researcher for a pest - control company developed a chemical that inhibited the development of an embryonic mosquito's endodermal cells. Which of the following would be a likely mechanism by which this pesticide works? A) The mosquito would have trouble with respiration and circulation, due to impaired muscle function. B) The mosquito would develop a weakened exoskeleton that would make it vulnerable to trauma. C) The mosquito wouldn't be affected at all. D) The mosquito would have trouble digesting food, due to impaired gut function. Answer: D 12) The embryo doesn't grow larger during the stage known as cleavage. What is going on in the embryo during this process? A) Cleavage is the process by which the polarity of the cell is established; that is, the anterior is distinguished from the posterior. B) The cells are dividing at this stage, but all the cytoplasm is being split between resulting cells without the formation of new cytoplasm. C) Cleavage is just the stage at which cells begin to differentiate; that is, endodermal cells start to look different from ectodermal and mesodermal cells. D) Cleavage is the formation of the gastropore that is used to differentiate protostomes and deuterostomes. Answer: B 13) Which of the following combinations of embryonic features is common in the deuterostomes? A) spiral cleavage and the gastrulation pore (or gastropore) becomes the anus B) spiral cleavage and the absence of gastropore formation C) radial cleavage and the gastropore becomes the mouth D) radial cleavage and the gastropore becomes the anus E) absence of cleavage and gastropore becomes the anus Answer: D 14) Lophotrochozoans differ from ecdysozoans in that A) lophotrochozoans grow their skeletons continuously, while ecdysozoans shed their external skeletons to grow. B) lophotrochozoans exhibit segmentation, while ecdysozoans do not. C) lophotrochozoans have pseudocoeloms, while ecdysozoans have coeloms. D) lophotrochozoans undergo protostome development, while ecdysozoans undergo deuterostome development. Answer: A 15) Which of the following is not a feature of the tube - within - a - tube body plan in most animals? A) The inner tube consists of digestive organs. B) Typically, the mouth and anus form the ends of the inner tube. C) The two "tubes" are separated by mesoderm tissue. D) Typically, the outer tube consists of a hard exoskeleton. Answer: D 16) Which one of the following objects most closely resembles the pattern of the tube - within - a - tube body plan? A) a bowling ball (with finger holes drilled) B) a pipe with a straw inside C) a soda can with the tab removed D) a cup with a straw in it Answer: B 4

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