Z101-Decent w Modification & Microevolution Packet

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University of Wisconsin, Madison *

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101

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Biology

Date

Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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6

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GENERAL REVIEW PACKET #11: Descent with Modification & Microevolution Fall 2023 A physical answer key for this packet is available at group review sessions and office hours. The key is also available in the Learning Center Resources of the Learning Center module on Canvas. Make sure you are looking at the learning objectives for each lecture/set of lectures. 1. Before Lamarck, Darwin, and Wallace, what were the main hypotheses people (i.e., Plato and Aristotle) had to explain the diversity of life on Earth? 2. Describe catastrophism and uniformitarianism. How do these two concepts relate to evolution? 3. What common hypotheses did Lamarck, Darwin, and Wallace share? What differed about their ideas? 5. Compare/contrast homologous structures with vestigial structures. What are some examples of each? 6. What are analogous structures? How do they differ from homologous structures? Give an example of analogous structures. 7. How do the following support Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection? a. artificial selection: b. homology:
GENERAL REVIEW PACKET #11: Descent with Modification & Microevolution Fall 2023 c. biogeography: d. fossil record: e. drug/chemical resistance: 8. The chief predator of an English species of snail is the song thrush. Snails that inhabit woodland floors have dark shells, whereas those that live on grass have yellow shells, which are less clearly visible against the lighter background. Using the Darwinian principles that were introduced in lecture, briefly explain this phenomenon. 9. There are some important points to keep in mind regarding natural selection. Explain why the following are misconceptions about natural selection: a. All traits have evolved as a result of natural selection b. Life basically changed by chance c. Natural selection involves organisms “trying” to adapt d. Natural selection gives organisms what they need
GENERAL REVIEW PACKET #11: Descent with Modification & Microevolution Fall 2023 10. Is natural selection the same thing as evolution? Explain your answer. 11. What are the two sources of genetic variation? How do they create genetic variation? 12. Genetic drift is one mechanism of microevolution. Define genetic drift. Does it increase or decrease genetic variation in a population? List and describe the two types of genetic drift. 13. Under which of the following conditions would genetic drift have a SMALL impact? EXPLAIN. a. when populations are large and natural selection is strong b. when populations are small and natural selection is weak c. when a small group migrates to a new location d. when a large population suffers a population crash e. when an unexpected storm kills off most of a flock of birds 14. Imagine a population of small mammals living on a small, mountainous oceanic island. Individuals live all the way around the island. When a hurricane hits the island, all of the individuals living on the south side are lost, while many of the individuals living on the north side where they were more protected from the hurricane by the mountain survived. What is this an example of? How will this affect allele frequency in the surviving population?
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