Copy of Lab 19_ Nervous Systems

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Austin Community College District *

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1407

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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±°)+&!%' 1407 !%'aIKFb – ')$ervous 461Systems Written IKFby: ²urtis ³JLGckerman 572The nervous system )+&f a developing JLGchiJLGck emIKFbryo

Station 2 – Neuron ±natomy 683Use the laIKFbels to the right to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the image. *Dendrites Node of Ranvier Schwann cell Nucleus 'Axon Hillock 'Axon Terminals 'Axon

Station 2 – Neuron Model 683Use the laIKFbels to the right to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the image. 'Axon *Dendrite Node of Ranvier Schwann cell Nucleus of neuron Myelin Sheath 'Axon Hillock 'Axon terminals from another neuron

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Nucleus of neuron Projections ±axon and dendrites° Soma ±)Cell (Body° Station 2 – Neuron Slide 683Use the laIKFbels at the IKFbottom to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the image. What type of struJLGctural neurons are depiJLGcted in the image aIKFbove? (look in station 2 information to find out) &(ultipolar!

Station 3 – Spinal ²ord Model 683Use the laIKFbels at the IKFbottom to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the image. (´ifferent JLGcolored arrows were used to maximize JLGcontrast making it easier to see some struJLGctures) µow are the gray and white matters of the spinal JLGcord different from eaJLGch other struJLGcturally? Gray matter contains neural cells² dendrites² and axon terminals² while white matter consists of axons and myelin² and plays a key role in nerve cells³ ability to connect to one another´ )Central )Canal *Dorsal Median Sulcus *Dorsal Root *Dorsal Root Ganglion White Matter Gray Matter Ventral Median Fissure Ventral Root

Station 3 – Spinal ²ord ²ross Section Slide 683Use the laIKFbels at the IKFbottom to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the image. What is the funJLGction of the white matter in the spinal JLGcord? White matter JLGconduJLGcts, proJLGcesses, and sends nerve signals up and down the spinal JLGcord. White Matter )Central )Canal *Dorsal Median Sulcus Lateral Gray Horn *Dorsal Gray Horn Ventral Median Fissure Ventral Gray Horn

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Station 4 – Reflex ±rc 683Use the laIKFbels at the IKFbottom to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the image. ´esJLGcriIKFbe the knee jerk reflex using the following terms in your desJLGcription: stimulus, stretJLGch reJLGceptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, effeJLGctor musJLGcles. °n the knee there is the patellar tendon whiJLGch gets hit with the mediJLGcal hammer, this area IKFbeing hit sends sensory neurons to the stretJLGch reJLGceptor via the motor neurons. 572This makes the musJLGcles reaJLGct IKFby jolting, thus IKFbeing a stimulus from the knee all the way to the area of our IKFbrain that JLGcontrols reaJLGction. Receptor Effector Relay Neuron Sensory Neuron Motor Neuron Stimulus

)+&rganism ±rain °mage !%'amprey ´ogfish 461Shark 572Trout ¶rog ·lligator 02-igeon 350RaIKFbIKFbit ´og Station 5 – Vertebrate ³rain Models ´rag the IKFbrain model image to the right to the JLGcorreJLGct yellow taIKFble JLGcell that JLGcorreJLGctly identifies it.

Station 6 – °uman ³rain Regions 683Use the laIKFbels at the IKFbottom to drag on top of the image and plaJLGce them in the JLGcorreJLGct JLGcolor/region of the IKFbrain model. · man JLGcomes into the hospital after IKFbeing in a JLGcar aJLGcJLGcident. When the man is JLGconsJLGcious, he JLGcan speak normally IKFbut his sentenJLGces don’t make any sense. °t was determined that he suffered a IKFblow to the head. What region of the IKFbrain has he likely injured? µow do you know? &(ost damage was most likely done to the frontal loIKFbe as this part of the IKFbrain is in JLGcharge of JLGcoherent speeJLGch and writing. ¶rontal !%'oIKFbe )+&JLGcJLGcipital !%'oIKFbe 02-arietal !%'oIKFbe 572Temporal !%'oIKFbe

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Station 6 – ´xternal ³rain ±natomy 683Use the laIKFbels to the right to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the images. Longitudinal Fissure )Cerebellum )Cerebrum Frontal Lobe Medulla Oblongata Occipital Lobe Parietal Lobe Pituitary Gland Temporal Lobe

Station 6 – µnternal ³rain ±natomy 683Use the laIKFbels IKFbelow to drag in plaJLGce to properly laIKFbel the image. °f you fall IKFbaJLGckwards and hit the IKFbaJLGck of your head, why does this usually result in IKFblurred and distorted vision initially (or permanent vision proIKFblems if the injury is serious)? 'After a head injury² the retina may tear away from the back of your eye and lose its blood supply´ If that occurs² your vision in one eye will become blurred´ *Detached retinas may cause permanent vision loss if left untreated´ )Cerebellum )Cerebrum )Corpus )Callosum Medulla Oblongata Pons Pituitary Gland Thalamus

Station 7 – Sheep ³rain ´xternal ±natomy You have now had some praJLGctiJLGce with the human IKFbrain so now apply this to the sheep IKFbrain. 683Use the laIKFbels and the arrows IKFbelow to move and properly laIKFbel the sheep IKFbrains IKFbelow. &(ake sure to move IKFboth the laIKFbel and the arrows to make a neatly laIKFbeled diagram. )Cerebellum )Cerebrum Olfactory (Bulb ngitudinal Fissure Medulla Oblongata Optic chiasma Pons Spinal )Co *Dura Mater

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)Cerebellum )Cerebrum )Corpus )Callosum Medulla Oblongata Pineal Gland Pons Midbrain Thalamus Station 7 – Sheep ³rain µnternal ±natomy You have now had some praJLGctiJLGce with the human IKFbrain so now apply this to the sheep IKFbrain. 683Use the laIKFbels and the arrows IKFbelow to move and properly laIKFbel the disseJLGcted sheep IKFbrain IKFbelow. &(ake sure to move IKFboth the laIKFbel and the arrows to make a neatly laIKFbeled diagram.

°s there anything you learned in this laIKFb aIKFbout the nervous system that you found interesting? What? What was interesting aIKFbout it to you? With ´')$· analysis it has IKFbeen estaIKFblished that ')$eanderthals (an extinJLGct hominid speJLGcies) had the genes assoJLGciated with language. ')$eanderthals and µumans are the only animals known to IKFbe JLGcapaIKFble of language (there is plenty of ways animal JLGcommuniJLGcate IKFbut not through language). What advantages do you think the evolution of language has over other forms of JLGcommuniJLGcation? &(any students in ±°)+&!%' 1407 are interested in the mediJLGcal field in some way and this module is often a popular one for the JLGclass. ´o you think that having an evolutionary JLGcontext for the anatomy of the nervous system would help those in the mediJLGcal field? Why or why not? There are more nerve cells in the human brain than there are stars in the Milky Way± If we lined up all the neurons in our body it would be around 9!6 5km long± There are °²² billion neurons in your brain alone± A newborn baby³s brain almost triples in size during the course of its ﬁrst year Language is the most important evolutionary invention of the last few million years´ It was an adaptation that helped our species to exchange information² make plans² express new ideas and totally change the appearance of the planet´ ´efinitely, speJLGcially myself Summary Reflection (Nervous System) ³aJLGch ¸roup memIKFber should fill out a summary refleJLGction and turn it in as part of the laIKFb suIKFbmission. ±y typing my name IKFbelow, you are verifying that you JLGcontriIKFbuted information to the laIKFb worksheet and helped your group gather information aIKFbout this laIKFb. °t also verifies that you attempted to fill out the worksheet to the IKFbest of your aIKFbility to provide the information needed for studying for the laIKFb exams. Name: !%'eo ·l-&(oslih

°s there anything you learned in this laIKFb aIKFbout the nervous system that you found interesting? What? What was interesting aIKFbout it to you? With ´')$· analysis it has IKFbeen estaIKFblished that ')$eanderthals (an extinJLGct hominid speJLGcies) had the genes assoJLGciated with language. ')$eanderthals and µumans are the only animals known to IKFbe JLGcapaIKFble of language (there is plenty of ways animal JLGcommuniJLGcate IKFbut not through language). What advantages do you think the evolution of language has over other forms of JLGcommuniJLGcation? &(any students in ±°)+&!%' 1407 are interested in the mediJLGcal field in some way and this module is often a popular one for the JLGclass. ´o you think that having an evolutionary JLGcontext for the anatomy of the nervous system would help those in the mediJLGcal field? Why or why not? ° think the differenJLGces in the IKFbrains were pretty interesting to see. ° never realized they varied that muJLGch in shape ° thought the differenJLGces were only in size and surfaJLGce area. 02-artiJLGcularly the alligator IKFbrain interested me the most. !%'anguage provides a level of JLGclarity and preJLGciseness that pure JLGcommuniJLGcation doesn’t. °n the same way though, it JLGcan muddy JLGclarity of what you’re trying to JLGcommuniJLGcate. ° don’t know if an evolutionary understanding of the nervous system is as useful as just an understanding of the human nervous system IKFbut ° JLGcould see it providing JLGclarity for some things. ¶or example it might IKFbe useful in treating people with IKFblue eyes as opposed to IKFbrown eyes IKFbeJLGcause they are more light sensitive. Summary Reflection (Nervous System) ³aJLGch ¸roup memIKFber should fill out a summary refleJLGction and turn it in as part of the laIKFb suIKFbmission. ±y typing my name IKFbelow, you are verifying that you JLGcontriIKFbuted information to the laIKFb worksheet and helped your group gather information aIKFbout this laIKFb. °t also verifies that you attempted to fill out the worksheet to the IKFbest of your aIKFbility to provide the information needed for studying for the laIKFb exams. Name: 461Shane ·tteIKFberry

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°s there anything you learned in this laIKFb aIKFbout the nervous system that you found interesting? What? What was interesting aIKFbout it to you? With ´')$· analysis it has IKFbeen estaIKFblished that ')$eanderthals (an extinJLGct hominid speJLGcies) had the genes assoJLGciated with language. ')$eanderthals and µumans are the only animals known to IKFbe JLGcapaIKFble of language (there is plenty of ways animal JLGcommuniJLGcate IKFbut not through language). What advantages do you think the evolution of language has over other forms of JLGcommuniJLGcation? &(any students in ±°)+&!%' 1407 are interested in the mediJLGcal field in some way and this module is often a popular one for the JLGclass. ´o you think that having an evolutionary JLGcontext for the anatomy of the nervous system would help those in the mediJLGcal field? Why or why not? I’ve learned how the nervous system is able to carry messages away from the brain to the rest of the body to allow muscles to move´ These connections make up the way we think² learn² move² and feel´ They control how our bodies work — regulating breathing² digestion² and the beating of our hearts´ Human language is distinct from all other known animal forms of communication in being HToRmUpToXsNYtNToSnFQl ± Human language allows speakers to express thoughts in sentences comprising subjects² verbs and objects—such as ‘I kicked the ball’—and recognizing past² present and future tenses± °t helps a lot! °t IKFbuilds suJLGch a strong IKFbase for those who are interesting in mediJLGcal fields. ·lso, students now after they took this module will IKFbe ready to move forward with anything more intense. Summary Reflection (Nervous System) ³aJLGch ¸roup memIKFber should fill out a summary refleJLGction and turn it in as part of the laIKFb suIKFbmission. ±y typing my name IKFbelow, you are verifying that you JLGcontriIKFbuted information to the laIKFb worksheet and helped your group gather information aIKFbout this laIKFb. °t also verifies that you attempted to fill out the worksheet to the IKFbest of your aIKFbility to provide the information needed for studying for the laIKFb exams. Name: ¸aIKFbIKFby ´uran

Copy of Lab 19_ Nervous Systems

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