Problem-Set5-DNA-1

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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Pod Name: Pod Members: Date: Problem Set 5: DNA Structure and Replication Biol 241 Fall 2023 10 pts Work with your pod to complete the following problems. You may type your answers directly in this document or insert images in this document, as necessary. If you are asked to explain or describe something, limit your answers to 5 sentences or less. Your final submitted document should incorporate answers into this template, either by typing or handwriting (tablet). It is not permitted to use ChatGPT or any other generative AI tool to compose your answers to these problems; it is expected that you are working through these problems on your own (and your group’s) merit. It is to your benefit to be able to think and reason through these answers on your own, as similar questions/problems are likely to show up on tests. As such, I recommend using primarily your textbook and lecture slides to help you answer these questions, as those are the resources I will use to grade your answers. Also, a reminder that I expect your group to meet in person for at least 1 cumulative hour (could be one or more sessions total) to complete this problem set. To receive full points for this assignment, you must fill out the table at the end of this document to log your meeting(s) together . 1. Describe two pieces of evidence that led Watson and Crick to reason that Adenine and Thymine must pair together, and that Cytosine and Guanine must pair together. (2 points) 2. Explain why it would be disadvantageous to have genes located within telomeres. (1 point)

3. Use the following figure to answer the questions below. Region 1 Origin Region 2 A. On the diagram, label the 5’ and 3’ ends of the parental DNA strands. (1 point) B. Indicate on the diagram above which direction the replication fork is moving in Region 1 and then also in Region 2. (1 point) C. Which parental strand (top or bottom) serves as a template for the synthesis of the leading strand in Region 2 and why ? (1 point) D. Which Okazaki fragment (A or B) will be synthesized first and how do you know? (1 point) E. When DNA polymerase III is synthesizing fragment A, how does it “know” when to stop synthesizing? What will it encounter? (0.5 point) B A Top strand Bottom strand

4. Mutations in the PMS2 gene can lead to Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome, or CMRDS. Children who have CMRDS are at heightened risk for developing certain types of cancers, such as colon cancer. A. Given that PMS2 produces a protein normally involved in mismatch repair, explain why children with PMS2 mutations have an increased risk of developing cancer. (1 point) B. What kinds of mutations are likely problematic for children with CMRDS? (0.5 points) 5. The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage? (1 point) A. Nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase B. Telomerase, primase, DNA polymerase C. Telomerase, helicase, single-strand binding proteins D. DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase

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Date of each Meeting Duration of Meeting Was everyone present? If not, who was absent? What did you work on together? Include topics you discussed, problems you worked on, etc. Does your group have any questions or major confusions that are unresolved after this meeting? Which problem was the most challenging for the group? After filling out the above table, submit this group assignment on Canvas. By submitting this group assignment, each member is committing to upholding Academic Integrity.

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