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Worksheet 11: Natural Selection & Non-random Mating
17 October 2023
7th Edition
Section Pages Section
23.2 474-475 Non-random mating
23.3 475-482 Natural selection
23.4 482-485 Genetic drift
23.5 486-487 Gene flow
23.6 487-490 Mutation
Vocabulary
Neutral allele/mutation point mutation chromosome-level
mutation
Gene flow founder effect genetic bottleneck
Sampling error sexual dimorphism heterozygote advantage
Frequency-dependent selection intersexual selection
Intrasexual selection stablizing selection disruptive selection
Directional selection purifying selection inbreeding depression
Please watch the following videos before class:
Coat color in the Rock Pocket Mouse: Natural Selection and Evolution (embedded
below)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=sjeSEngKGrg
Malaria and Sickle Cell Anemia: Natural Selection in Humans (embedded below)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Zsbhvl2nVNE
Understanding
1.
Can intra and inter sexual selection work together or must they work
independently? Why?
1.
Intra and intersexual selection can work together and often do not work
independently. Intrasexual selection, involving competition among
individuals of the same sex, can drive the evolution of traits that make
individuals more attractive to the opposite sex, thus complementing
intersexual selection. For example, competition among males can lead to
the development of traits that are also favored by females, making the two
forms of selection interconnected and influencing the same traits. This
interaction can lead to more complex and multifaceted evolutionary
outcomes, as traits are shaped by the interplay of both selection
mechanisms.
2.
Compare natural selection and sexual selection. Are they the same?
1.
Natural selection and sexual selection are related evolutionary processes
but are not the same. Natural selection is a broad mechanism through
which individuals with advantageous traits for survival and reproduction
in their environment are more likely to pass on their genes to the next
generation. It operates on traits that influence overall fitness,
encompassing both survival and reproductive success. In contrast, sexual
selection specifically focuses on traits that enhance an individual's ability
to attract mates and succeed in reproduction, often leading to the
development of ornamental or aggressive characteristics. While both
natural and sexual selection involve the differential reproductive success
of individuals based on their traits, they target different aspects of an
organism's biology and are driven by distinct selective pressures, with
sexual selection often acting independently or in conjunction with natural
selection to shape mating-related traits.
3.
What is the fundamental asymmetry of sex?
1.
The fundamental asymmetry of sex reflects the fundamental difference in
investment between males and females in reproduction. In many species,
females typically invest more in reproduction due to their larger gametes
(e.g., eggs) and the physiological costs associated with pregnancy and
raising offspring. This asymmetry leads to differences in mating behaviors
and strategies. Males often compete for access to mates and invest less in
each individual offspring, while females are more selective in choosing
mates and invest more in the well-being of their offspring. The
fundamental asymmetry of sex underlies the evolution of various sexual
traits and behaviors, such as male competition and female choice, and has
far-reaching implications for the biology of reproduction and the evolution
of sexual dimorphism.
4.
How are natural selection and adaptation related?
1.
Natural selection and adaptation are closely related concepts in the context
of evolution. Natural selection is the process through which traits that
enhance an individual's fitness, or ability to survive and reproduce,
become more prevalent in a population over successive generations.
Adaptation refers to the acquisition of traits that enhance an organism's
fitness in a particular environment. In other words, adaptation is the result
of natural selection acting on the genetic variation within a population,
favoring traits that increase an organism's chances of survival and
reproductive success in its specific ecological niche. Therefore, adaptation
is the outcome of the evolutionary process driven by natural selection, as
organisms gradually become better suited to their environments through
the accumulation of advantageous traits.
5.
What environmental conditions would favor stabilizing selection? What
environments would favor balancing selection?
1.
Stabilizing selection is favored in relatively stable and unchanging
environments, where an intermediate trait value offers the highest fitness.
In contrast, balancing selection is favored in unpredictable or
heterogeneous environments where diverse traits provide advantages in
varying circumstances. Stabilizing selection maintains the status quo by
favoring the most common trait, while balancing selection preserves
genetic diversity by supporting multiple trait variations, each
advantageous in specific situations. These selection mechanisms represent
adaptive responses to different environmental conditions, one aiming to
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Related Questions
Give typed full explanation
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need help for all question
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QUESTION 3
Darwin's theory of natural selection explains:
O The way life began.
O The way evolution works at the genetic level.
The way dinosaurs became extinct.
O That traits within a breeding population that are adaptive to specific environmental circumstances become more numerous in that population
over time.
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Enlarge Image
100
Mutation causes variation
Conditions do not favor
some mutations
Survivors reproduce
Change in conditions do
not favor some traits
Survivors reproduce
1) This model shows the process of natural selection on rabbits
demonstrating variation in fur color over several generations. Using
the model, what most likely led to the loss of white furred rabbits in
the population?
A)
XB)
C)
The white rabbits did not reproduce fast enough
to survive.
White was a recessive trait and therefore not
passed on to any offspring.
The white fur was a favorable trait but was never
prevalent in the population.
The rabbits with white fur had less camouflage in
D) the environment and were more easily preyed on
by predators.
2) If this model continues, with no major changes to the environment,
what do you expect to happen?
XA) Rabbits will continue to get lighter over time.
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2020
Online Discussion B.
Darwin's Theory
Warm-Up
Active
Developing the Theory of Evolution
WARM-UP
What was Charles Darwin's contribution to the theory of evolution?
O Charles Darwin was the first to express the belief that all living things are related.
Charles Darwin believed that organisms had a goal to adapt and did so through the inheritance of
acquired traits.
Charles Darwin introduced the idea that organisms better adapted to their environment would tend to
survive, reproduce, and increase in number.
Charles Darwin developed the theory of population growth.
DONE
O Intro
Activity
DII
96
2,
or
go
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Answer all questions in the picture please!
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19
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Question 23
What is the MOST LIKELY explanation for why there is variation in aging across different species?
O The strength of selection is determined by aging
O Trade-offs only apply to some species
O Mutation accumulation theory applies to some species while antagonistic pleiotropy applies to others
O Different species suffer different levels of background (i.e., extrinsic) mortality
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Number 1-3
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thanks
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Learning Resources
My Notes
Visual Glossary
Coding
Assignments
Scores
Progress Monitoring Assessment from B.7CDE Natural
Save
a
Question 1
Natural selection occurs because of all of the following EXCEPT -
more organisms are produced than can survive.
the resources that organisms need are limited.
organisms in a population show variation.
some populations are related to others.
Previous Quesion
Next Question
->
© 2021 Accelerate Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Terms
MacBook Air
吕0 F3
000
000
F1
F4
F6
F7
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Please answer number 3
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Please answer 4
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Revise the passage
Darwin is best known for his Theory of Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics, first presented in 1801 (Darwin's first book dealing with natural selection was published in 1859):Based on these observations and inferences, Darwin concluded that these traits, called adaptations were the product of evolution by Acquired Traits, these traits made the members of the population who had them equally fit for survival. an organism could also change during their lifetime in order to adapt to its environment, those changes are passed on to its offspring. For example, darwin believed that if giraffes stretched their necks to reach food, Their offspring and later generations would inherit the resulting long necks.
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Bio question in picture
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17 The graph below represents the number of brown and green beetles collected in a particular ecosystem.
Change in Coloration of Beetle Population
Green beetles
Brown beetles
Time (years)
The change observed in the number of green and brown beetles in the population is most likely due to
(1) natural selection
(2) selective breeding
(3) gene manipulation
(4) a common ancestor
[4]
Number of Individuals
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Hello, I need help answering number 35(INCLUDING THE SUB-PARTS) multiple choice questions. Pls and thank you!
35. A.) The significance of genetic polymorphism in evolution relies on the fact that:
a) such genetic polymorphisms do not change over time
b) without genetic differences, natural selection cannot cause evolution
c) phenotypic polymorphism is always the same as genetic polymorphism
d) inbreeding increases the amount of genetic polymorphism in a population
B.) Stabilizing natural selection can occur when:
a) the mean phenotype is evolving to track a changing environment
b) the population is already at a peak on the adaptive landscape
c) the population is adapting to two different ecological niches
d) the selection differential is positive
C.) Evidence that Homo sapiens originated in Africa includes:
a) the highest heterozygosity per locus is found in East Asia
b) populations in Africa show evidence of founder effects
c) populations in Oceania and South America are quite…
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8) For each of the genotypes below determine what the phenotype would be.
Purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p).
PP
Pp.
pp
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Name:
Hairy knuckles (H) are dominant to non-hairy (h) knuckles in humans
HH
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Cleft Chin ( c)
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Please help with Evolution Bio problem please quick!
A flock of 300 Red Legged Jabberwockys gets blown off course during a storm and ends up taking refuge on an island several hundred miles offshore. All 300 members of the Jabberwocky flock have the genotype BB1 for the B locus. On the island where this lost flock lands, the resident population of Red Legged Jabberwockys consists of 700 individuals, all of which have genotype B2B2 for the B locus. Given this information, calculate the observed allele frequencies of the combined population on the island, and the expected genotype frequencies of the next generation.
Observed allele frequencies of current generation: (express answers in 1 significant digit: 0.0)
p = B1 =
q = B2 =
Expected genotype frequencies of the next generation: (express answers in 2 significant digits: 0.00)
B1B1 =
B1B2 =
B2B2 =
Has migration increased or decreased genetic variation in the island population?
Assuming natural selection favors the Be allele in the…
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Question zo
Multiple Choice
Which of the following statements BEST describes Population Genetics?
The analysis of fossits from different strata, to understand how "intermediate forms" can represent common
ancestors between species.
The study of the evolution of living populations by looking at how the frequency, distribution, and inheritance of
alleles changes over many generations.
The field of biology that deals with the naming, identifying, and classifying of species, to understand how
different populations are evolutionarily linked.
The comparison of embryonic development in different species to understand ascertain how closely two species
are related.
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can you do 12, 13, 14 please
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30
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Question- How is genetic drift different from natural selection?
choose one from below
1. Natural selection occurs because some alleles confer higher fitness, whereas genetic drift occurs because of sampling error
2. natural selection has a stronger effect in large populations, whereas genetic drift acts primarily in small populations
3. natural selection is a mechanisms of evolution, whereas genetic drift is not a mechanisms but an outcome of evolution
4. natural selection tends to cause very rapid evolution, whereas genetic drift tends to operate on much longer time scales.
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hi favor to type not handwritten, I can't understand some of the handwritings. thank you!
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short answer please
thank you
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14
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Hello, I need help answering number 20(including the sub-parts). Pls and thank you
20. A.)T / F Both negative frequency-dependent selection and positive frequency-dependent selection act to maintain genetic polymorphism.
B.) T / F The mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous caused the extinction of all non-avian dinosaurs.
C.) T / F Natural selection can occur without any evolution in the next generation if individual differences in the trait are not heritable.
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Directions: Perform the task below based on your understanding on the topic " Mechanisms 'of
Evolutionary Change" . There are four factors that can change the allele frequencies of a population
namely Natural Selection, Mutations, Genetic Drift and Gene Flow. Make a creative outline
summarizing the processes happened in these mechanisms of evolutionary change (use separate sheet if
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NAVIGATE STATION-GENETICS
NAVIGATE STATION -GENETICS
NAVIGATE STATION-GENETICS
NAVIGATE STATION-GENETICS
Y
GREGOR
MENDEL
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CHROMOSOME
GENOTYPE
ALLELE
GENETICS
START
AUSTRIAN MONK WHO DISCOVERED THE
ONE MEMBER OF A PAIR OF GENES FROM
THE SPECIFIC GENETIC MAKEUP OR "CODE"
EITHER PARENT THAT CONTROLS A
AN ORGANISM'S CHARACTERISTICS.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF HEREDITY;
KNOWN AS THE "FATHER OF GENETICS"
THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF HEREDITY.
FOR A PARTICULAR TRAIT.
CERTAIN CHARACTERISTIC.
• THE SCIENCE DUO
• THE SCIENCE DUO
• THE SCIENCE DUO
• THE SCIENCE DUO
• THE SCIENCE DUO
NAVIGATE STATION- GENETICS
NAVIGATE STATION - GENETICS
NAVIGATE SIATION- GENETICS
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NAVIGATE STATION-GENETICS
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THE SAME.
THE PROCESS IN WHICH
THE PROBABILITY OF AN OFFSPRING'S
AND WILL ONLY SHOW UP IF PAIRED
THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE FOR A…
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Genetics Question 20
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Please help me with all the three mcqs need to submit urgently
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Related Questions
- Give typed full explanationarrow_forwardneed help for all questionarrow_forwardQUESTION 3 Darwin's theory of natural selection explains: O The way life began. O The way evolution works at the genetic level. The way dinosaurs became extinct. O That traits within a breeding population that are adaptive to specific environmental circumstances become more numerous in that population over time.arrow_forward
- Enlarge Image 100 Mutation causes variation Conditions do not favor some mutations Survivors reproduce Change in conditions do not favor some traits Survivors reproduce 1) This model shows the process of natural selection on rabbits demonstrating variation in fur color over several generations. Using the model, what most likely led to the loss of white furred rabbits in the population? A) XB) C) The white rabbits did not reproduce fast enough to survive. White was a recessive trait and therefore not passed on to any offspring. The white fur was a favorable trait but was never prevalent in the population. The rabbits with white fur had less camouflage in D) the environment and were more easily preyed on by predators. 2) If this model continues, with no major changes to the environment, what do you expect to happen? XA) Rabbits will continue to get lighter over time.arrow_forward2020 Online Discussion B. Darwin's Theory Warm-Up Active Developing the Theory of Evolution WARM-UP What was Charles Darwin's contribution to the theory of evolution? O Charles Darwin was the first to express the belief that all living things are related. Charles Darwin believed that organisms had a goal to adapt and did so through the inheritance of acquired traits. Charles Darwin introduced the idea that organisms better adapted to their environment would tend to survive, reproduce, and increase in number. Charles Darwin developed the theory of population growth. DONE O Intro Activity DII 96 2, or goarrow_forwardAnswer all questions in the picture please!arrow_forward
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- thanksarrow_forwardLearning Resources My Notes Visual Glossary Coding Assignments Scores Progress Monitoring Assessment from B.7CDE Natural Save a Question 1 Natural selection occurs because of all of the following EXCEPT - more organisms are produced than can survive. the resources that organisms need are limited. organisms in a population show variation. some populations are related to others. Previous Quesion Next Question -> © 2021 Accelerate Learning, Inc. All rights reserved. Terms MacBook Air 吕0 F3 000 000 F1 F4 F6 F7arrow_forwardPlease answer number 3arrow_forward
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