90695_Jaylah_Holmes_Holmes_Complete_Lab_Report_1815204_810398667

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Louisiana State University *

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1208

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Biology

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Dec 6, 2023

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BIOL 1208 Fall 2023 1 Benzoquinone Concentration (mM) results from the varied pH values on 100- second intervals. ABSTRACT The enzyme catecholase catalyzes the oxidation of catechol (odorless and colorless solution). Catecholase is found in many vegetables and fruit, but in the experiment that is trying to determine the correlation between benzoquinone and varied pH levels, potato extract is used. Benzoquinone is a chemical compound that induces the color change in fruits and vegetables. There was different statistical equipment used, but the spectrometer is what was used to record its absorptions levels. The data was then recorded into an Excel sheet that was imported into the software JMP 17+ that formulated the scatter plot and bar graph (Figure 1 and Figure 2). The concentration of benzoquinone was slightly different, which supported the prediction that was made by experimenter that increasing varied levels of pH can have an impact on benzoquinone (mM). INTRODUCTION For all living beings to be meaningful to their surroundings, chemical reactions must occur. The chemical reactions that assist living things, are moved along by enzymes. In the case that cells move too slowly, the accelerated enzymes are what keeps them from dying (cell death is also known as apoptosis). In the experiment, things like pH were tested. This factor can impact the activity levels of the enzymes. Levels of pH range from numbers 0 to 14. The pH level 0 is extremely acidic, 7 is deemed to be neutral, and 14 tends to be bitter. Extreme and sudden changes to the pH can permanently impact the enzyme because it no longer matches its assigned substrate. Enzymes work hand and hand with substrates, when they are damaged by things like pH, it no longer fits like a key (“Effect of pH”). When cells become permanently damaged it can influence the entire living thing health. The experiment that was performed consisted of three different treatment variables: pH 3, pH 7, and pH 11. The experimenter group obtained a blank, accompanied by three duplicates that gave them something to refer to (constant). The reaction that is being looked for happens amongst water with different pH levels, catecholase (potato extract), catechol (C6H6O2), and concentration of benzoquinone (mM). In reference to the alternative hypothesis written by the experimenter it states that the waters different levels of pH will have a visible difference on the concentration of benzoquinone (mM), where the enzymatic reaction will be speed up the rate of reaction that the potato extract causes on catechol. According to an assigned scientific article given by the instructor, it is said to be that there would be a correlation and a major effect of the varied pH values of water and the concentration of the benzoquinone ( “Frankenberger & Johanson” ‘1982’). METHODS DATA COLLECTION This experiment takes place in Louisiana State University’s Biology 1208 Laboratory instructional class. Experimenters were spilt into groups and instructed to formulate an alternative hypothesis, null hypothesis, and a prediction. The instructor of the course ( Professor Vanessa Madrid) curated catecholase from extracted juices from raw potatoes. The instructor then distributed the solutions to the different groups. Each group of two obtained different treatments such as: catechol (2.5 mL), varied milliliters of water with pH’s of three, seven, and eleven, catecholase (potatoes extract 500 uL), catechlose mixed with varied water pH’s (blanks). The pH water was distributed in the different quantities that follows: 4mL of pH 3 and 11, 1.5 mL of pH 3 and 11, and 4, 1.5, 2.5 mL of pH 7. The spectrometer device whose wavelength was set at 500 nm recorded each treatments levels of absorbance. Students/experimenter were instructed to be aware of the dependent, independent, and control variable. The dependent variable was the concentration of benzoquinone (mM), the independent variable was the different pH level water that were included in the experiment. Then information was recorded in an Excel chart that was then inserted into JMP 17+ to find the different results.
BIOL 1208 Fall 2023 2 DATA ANALYSIS The ANOVA (analysis of variance) is a statistical analysis technique/software that’s purpose is to compare the means of at least two groups. The software was used in this experiment to perform the t-test, formulate the p-value. The t-test is like a calculator that evaluates the differences in quantity, while the p-value is the difference between the treatment groups or in lagniappe terms, the results of the t-test. My p-value letter for pH was B, while the p-value letters for pH 7 and 11was A. These letters alone can single-handily show the experimenters where the difference in the results lie. Groups were instructed to use a software called JMP 17+, that was prior downloaded to their device. The standard curve equation or the calibration curve is y= 1.0905(x) + 0.0014. This equation is used to figure out the different concertation of benzoquinone based on its unique properties. Other information that was provided was the standard deviation, mean, the p-value that recorded at 0.1180 (all information initially recorded in Enzyme lab III). The two figures that were included in was the scatter plot that shows the averages of the benzoquinone concentration over a one- hundred-second interval (Figure 1) and a bar graph that displays the mean and standard deviation that derived from the test that was performed (Figure 2). RESULTS The results shows that increased pH levels cause the increasement in the high levels of the concentration of benzoquinone. The p-value value that was formulated was equals about 0.1180. In the lab manual it is made know that if the pH value in the experiment is less than 0.05 then there is a significant difference among the results (“Biology Laboratories for Science Majors”). For pH 3 the mean was 0.098 ODU, the standard deviation was 0.0471587 ODU. When regarding pH7 there was a mean of 0.0203333 ODU and a standard deviation of 0.0066583 ODU. Lastly, pH 11 obtained a mean at 0.0343333 ODU and a standard deviation of 0.0517912 ODU. The p-value letter varied slightly, as pH3 was B and pH 7 and 11 was A. Since both Figure 1 and Figure 2 were both curated from the same Excel sheet, both have a purpose of showing of the different pH values and the concentration of benzoquinone (mM) have a corresponding relationship that displays itself in both graphs. Figure 1 (scatter plot) displays the increased difference of the mean over intervals of one-hundred seconds with the concentration of benzoquinone (mM) as the x-variable and time intervals as the y-variable. Furthermore, Figure 2 (bar graph) displays the increasing change in mean and standard deviation with concentration of benzoquinone (mM) as the y-variable and the treatment variables and the x-variable.
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