psych 2221 mock test 1

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Western University *

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2221

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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Uploaded by savana852

Chapter 1 textbook: 1. Brain is a _____ organ that keeps growing as a result of genes and human experience. 2. Biopsychologists apply the knowledge of _____ disciplines to study human behavior. 3. The main difference between the brains of humans and other mammals is in the overall size and the extent of _____ development. 4. A _____ design allows the experimenter to study the same group of subjects under two or more conditions. 5. _____ of subjects is not possible in quasi experimental studies. 6. research that aims to bring about some benefit to mankind is _____ in nature Chapter 3 textbook: 1. The peripheral nervous system is located outside the _____. 2. The part of the peripheral nervous system that regulates the body’s internal environment is the _______ system. 3. Nerves that carry sensory messages from the skin, joints, eyes, and ears to the central nervous system are called _____ nerves. 4. Sympathetic nerves are a part of the _____ nervous system. 5. _______ nerves stimulate, organize, and mobilize energy resources in threatening situations. 6. The vagus nerves are the longest _______. 7. The olfactory nerves and optic nerves are the only two purely sensory _______. 8. The innermost meninx is the _______. 9. The _____ space, made up of large blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid, lies between the arachnoid membrane and the pia matter. 10. The traditional view on cerebrospinal fluid production says that it is made by small blood vessels called the _____. 11. A tumor near the _______ can produce hydrocephalus. 12. The cells in the brain are tightly packed and act as a _____ to any protein or large molecules. Match the following with lines 1. myelin a. Gaps 2. soma b. cone-shaped region 3. axon hillock c. packaging membranes 4. Golgi complex d. fatty substance 5. ribosomes e. neurotransmitter storage 6. synapses f. cell body 7. glial cells g. PNS clusters of cell bodies 8. synaptic vesicles h. protein synthesis

9. astrocytes i. the forgotten cells 10. ganglia j. CNS myelinators 11. oligodendrocytes k. black 12. Golgi stain l. largest glial cells 13. dorsal m. caudal 14. posterior n. top of head Label the parts of the brain Chapter 4 textbook 1. Roberto garcia d’orta referred to himself as “a great lizard frozen in a dark, cold, strange world.” He suffered from _______. 2. Substantia nigra produces a chemical called _____. 3. The difference in electrical charge between the inside and the outside of a cell is called the _____. 4. The _______ is about –70 mV. 5. _____ are the positively and negatively charged particles of salts inside the neuron. 6. Two factors pressure Na+ ions to enter resting neurons: random _______ and electrostatic pressure.

7. When a neuron is in a resting state, there is a greater concentration of _____ ions outside the neuron. 8. The _____ channels are open in a resting neuron. 9. ions pass through neural membranes via specialized pores called _______. 10. The firing of neurons releases chemicals at their button terminals called _____. 11. Neurotransmitters typically have one of two effects on postsynaptic neurons: They either depolarize them or _______ them. 12. When neurons add or combine a number of individual signals into one overall signal, this is called _____. 13. _____ is the sum of the postsynaptic potentials produced in rapid succession at the same synapse to form a greater signal. 14. an action potential is elicited when the depolarization of the neuron reaches the _______. 15. unlike postsynaptic potentials, which are graded, action potentials are _______ responses. 16. Neurons integrate postsynaptic potentials in two ways: through spatial summation and through _______ summation 1. The brain and spinal cord compose the __________ system. central nervous 2. The arachnoid membrane is one of the __________. Meninges 3. Cerebrospinal fluid fills the four __________ of the brain. Ventricles 4. At the junction of the cell body and axon of a multipolar neuron is the __________. axon hillock 5. Bundles of axons in the CNS are called __________. Tracts 6. Large, star-shaped glial cells are __________. Astrocytes 7. The __________ stain colors entirely black a few neurons in each brain slice. Golgi 8. The opposite of dorsal is __________. Ventral 9. It is __________ that gives white matter in the nervous system its glossy white sheen. Myelin 10. Sensory signals enter the spinal cord via the __________ roots. Dorsal 11. The bulge on the ventral surface of the metencephalon is the __________. Pons 12. he large, two-lobed subcortical structure that sits atop the brain stem is the __________.Thalamus 13. The __________ dangles from the hypothalamus. Pituitary 14. The cerebral hemispheres are connected by tracts called cerebral __________. Commissures 15. The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal lobe by the __________ fissure. Lateral 16. Pyramidal cells have __________ dendrites. Apical 17. The large three-layered cortical structure of the medial temporal lobe is the __________. Hippocampus 18. The almond-shaped nucleus of the anterior temporal lobe is the __________. Amygdala 19. The putamen and __________ compose the striatum. Caudate 20. The ________ nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord. Central 21. The ________ blocks the entry of many large molecules into brain tissue from the circulatory system. blood"brain barrier 22. ________ is continuously produced by the choroid plexuses. Cerebrospinal fluid

23. Twelve pairs of ________________ project from the brain. cranial nerves 24. ________ nerves stimulate, organize, and mobilize energy resources in threatening situations. Sympathetic 25. The neuron cell membrane is composed of a lipid bilayer 26. ____________ proteins are proteins through which certain molecules can pass. Channel 27. A neuron with two processes extending from its cell body is classified as abipolar neuron Myelin sheaths are produced by _______________ in the central nervous system and by<br>________________ in the peripheral nervous system. oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells 28. Glial cells have been shown to (anatomy) control the establishment and maintenance of synapses between neurons; contract or relax blood vessels; trigger inflammatory responses 29. The __________________ stain will invade only a few neurons in each slice of tissue and color each invaded neuron entirely black. Golgi 30. _______________ tracing methods are used to trace the paths of axons projecting away from cell bodies located in a particular area. Anterograde 31. Posterior is to caudal as _______________ is to rostral. Anterior 32. ____________ means closer to the CNS, and _______ means farther from the CNS. Proximal; distal 33. The spinal cord is part of the central nervous system 34. n the developing brain, the _________________ is anterior to the diencephalon telencephalon 35. The pons and the cerebellum compose the metencephalon 36. Which of the following functions does the cerebellum play a role in? sensorimotor and cognitive functions 37. Which brain structure is thought to play a role in the rewarding effects of addictive drugs and other reinforcers? nucleus accumbens 38. ____________ matter is composed largely of cell bodies and unmyelinated interneurons. Gray 39. _______________ matter is composed largely of myelinated axons White 40. Pairs of spinal nerves are attached to the spinal cord at _________ different levels of the spine. 31 41. There are three swellings that occur at the anterior end of a fluid-filled tube in the developing embryo. These three swellings eventually develop into the adult forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain 42. The _________________ is anterior to the myelencephalon metencephalon 43. In humans and in other higher vertebrates, the ____________ undergoes the greatest growth during development. Telencephalon 44. The myelencephalon is commonly referred to as the medulla 45. The ____________________ is the part of the PNS that interacts with the external environment. It is composed of __________ nerves that carry sensory signals from the skin, skeletal muscles, joints, eyes, ears, and so on, to the central nervous system and

_________ nerves that carry motor signals from the central nervous system to the skeletal muscles. somatic nervous system; afferent; efferent 46. The degree to which therapeutic or recreational drugs can influence brain activity depends on the ease with which they penetrate the bloodâ€"brain barrier 47. _____________ are glial cells that respond to injury or disease by multiplying, engulfing cellular debris or even entire cells Microglia the division of biopsychology that studies the neural mechanisms of behaviour through the direct manipulation of the brains of laboratory animals in controlled experiments is: a) physiological psychology b) psychophysiology c) neuropsychology d)cognitive neuroscience e) A and B A Who wrote the book "the organization of behaviour" and why did it play a key role in the emergence of biopsych as a discipline? when considering the mind-body puzzle, ancient philosophers who argued that the mind if not separate from the body belonged to which philosophical position? a) monism b) dualism c) structuralism d) functionalism e) none Korsakoff's Syndrome is often associated with a __________ deficiency. _______________, a division of neuroscience, deals with the study of disorders of the nervous system. which of the following make it difficult to make causal interpretations of experimental results? a) independent variables b) dependent variables c) constant variables d) confounded variables e) none

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