Biology Lab Take-Home Exam F23 - Copy (2)

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Apr 3, 2024

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Biology Lab Take-Home Exam Fall 2023 Name: __________________ Use your labs to answer the following. If you use a source other than your labs or textbook, you must cite the source. You must put answers in your own words. You may not work with another person on this assignment. Answer true or false. If the statement is false, please modify it to make it true. (0.5 pts for each correct answer, correction) ________ 1. During metaphase of meiosis I, the homologous chromosomes pair and form synapses, and crossing over (homologous recombination) occurs. _______ 2. Fungi obtain nutrients via an unusual mechanism. They release digestive enzymes to the environment and then absorb nutrients across their cell wall. ________3. Single-celled organisms that lack nuclei are loosely grouped together in a group of organisms referred to as protists. _______4. Separation of sister chromatids occurs during both meiosis and mitosis. ________5. Klinefelter syndrome is an example of trisomy in which individuals have three copies of chromosome 18. _______ 6. One possible outcome of a mutation is that the mutation can have no noticeable effect on the phenotype of an individual. Multiple Choice (0.5 pts each) 1. Which of the following is the correct format for the scientific name for humans? A. Homo Sapiens B. Homo Sapiens C. Homo sapiens D. homo sapiens 2. What is the outcome of meiosis in humans? A. 2 haploid (1N) daughter cells B. 4 haploid (1N) daughter cells C. 2 diploid (2N) daughter cells D. 4 diploid (2N) daughter cells 3. Which of the following is unique to meiosis (as compared to mitosis)? A. One round of DNA replication is followed by two rounds of cell division
B. Occurs only in sex cells. C. Produces genetically unique daughter cells. D. The number of chromosomes is halved. E. These are all unique to meiosis. 4. During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope (nuclear membrane) break down and allow the microtubules to bind the chromosomes? A. Anaphase B. Prophase C. Metaphase D. Telophase 5. You are determining the blood type of a patient. You mix their red blood cells with anti-A typing serum and anti-B typing serum. Only the anti-A typing serum (with its anti-A antibodies) causes the red blood cells to clump. As a result of this test, how would you characterize your patient’s blood type? A. Group A B. Group B C. Group O D. Group AB 6. What are the possible genotype(s) of your patient (the individual described above)? 7. Some fungi are described as dimorphic. What does this mean? A. Depending on their environment, the fungi may exist as yeast or mold. B. The fungi can have both vegetative and aerial hyphae. C. The fungi can have both septate and nonseptate hyphae. D. The fungi can produce both spores and gametes. 8. Which one of the following parasites infects its human host by the larval stage penetrating through an individual’s skin? A. Ascaris ( roundworm ) B. Enterobius (pinworm) C. Tapeworm ( Taenia ) D. Hookworm ( Necator ) 9. Which of the following is not true of Taenia (a flatworm )? A. It has a pseudocoelom (body cavity lined with mesoderm). B. It can infect humans by attaching to the intestines with a scolex: a structure containing hooks and suckers. C. Human infection occurs through eating undercooked pork or beef. D. Taenia are hermaphrodites, having both testes and ovaries.
Short Answer: (0.5 pts each, unless otherwise specified) 1. How does a human become infected with the organism that causes African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness? 2. What would be the magnification at eye point (that is, total magnification) using the 40X objective on a microscope? 3. How would you describe this organism based on shape and Gram-staining (that is, the organism staining purple)? What would be the structure of its cell wall? 1.5 pts 4. PCR or polymerase chain reaction consists of three stages (denaturation, annealing, and elongation). Describe what happens in each stage. 1pt 5. Besides the organ in which they occur (and the fact that eggs versus sperm are produced), briefly describe at least two other differences between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans. 1 pt
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