Futhi Dube W08_Worksheet_Autonomic Nervous System Case Study (1)

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Apr 3, 2024

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W08 Worksheet: Autonomic Nervous System Case Study Follow the instructions below very carefully. Many of the items in this assignment require reading, or videos, or something else to do. Each question has either a text box that can be filled out or a box that can be checked to show completion. Be sure to type out your answers completely and expand the text boxes if you need the additional space. Question 1 --- 1 point Case Study #1: Autonomic Nervous System The autonomic nervous system (ANS or visceral nervous system) is a part of the peripheral nervous system. The two major divisions are the sympathetic (fight and flight) and the parasympathetic (rest and digest) systems. Afferent neurons carry impulses from all the organs of the body to controlling centers in the central nervous system. This results in reflexive (largely subconscious) responses that help maintain proper function and homeostasis in variables such as heart rate, digestion, respiration rate, salivation, perspiration, diameter of the pupils, micturition (urination), and sexual arousal. A good understanding of the ANS can prepare you to predict responses of the body to a variety of stimuli (including drugs and disease). This lab requires you to use an article about the autonomic nervous system to help solve questions for two case study scenarios (one is drug related and the other is disease related). The two case study scenarios are written at the back of the article. The first case study starts on page nine of the article and is about a woman who inhales too much insecticide poison. The second case study starts on page ten of the article and is about a woman with a tumor on her adrenal medulla. Please feel free to research on the internet and use any other study materials you find useful as you gather information to answer these case study questions. Go to the Autonomic Nervous System Case Study (links to an external site) to go through a quick tutorial that will give you good advice on how to navigate and complete this case study. The article, Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System ” (links to an external site) is what you will be using for this case study. Please enter the answers to all of the case study questions in the article in the text boxes provided below. Case #1: Insecticide Poisoning CD is a 44-year-old woman who had spent much of the day working in her garden. A blustery wind caused her to unintentionally inhale the insecticide that she was spraying throughout the garden. When she began wheezing severely, she was taken to the emergency room. The
attending physician observed other symptoms including constricted pupils and a slowed heart rate. CD was treated with the intravenous administration of atropine sulfate. Insecticides contain organophosphates, which inhibit acetylcholinesterase. What is the function of acetylcholinesterase? Your answer: Acetylcholinesterase is an enzyme responsible for breaking down acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter, into acetic acid and choline. This process is important in terminating acetylcholine at the synaptic junction in nervous system. Question 2 --- 1 point Which types of autonomic receptors are excessively stimulated as a result of this inhibition? Your answer: Given CD symptoms the wheezing and slowed heart rate, it indicates the muscarenic receptors of the autonomic nervous system are excessively stimulated due to the inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase and accumulation of acetylcholine. Question 3 --- 1 point Which division of the ANS has been primarily affected: the sympathetic or the parasympathetic? Sympathetic Parasympathetic
Question 4 --- 1 point Explain how the insecticide resulted in her presenting symptoms? Your answer: CD unintentionally inhaled the insecticide while doing her gardening which led her wheezing, other symptoms. The insecticide contained organophosphate which inhibit acetylcholine. This inhibition resulted in the accumulation of acetylcholine which led to accessive stimulation of both nicotinic and muscarenic receptors. Question 5 --- 1 point Under what conditions does this division of the ANS normally predominate? Your answer: The parasympathetic nervous systems predominate under the control of relaxation and rest, it slows down the heart and promotes digestion and saves energy. While the sympathetic predominates during stress or excitement its usually associated with the fight and flight response in preparation for the bodie to response. Question 6 --- 1 point What effects may the insecticide have on the gastrointestinal system? Explain. Your answer: The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by organophosphate can disrupt the normal function of gastrointestinal system because it can lead to different range of symptoms including nausea vomiting and diarrhea.
Question 7 --- 1 point What effect may the insecticide have on generalized sweating in this patient? Localized sweating? Explain. Your answer: The inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by this insecticide can to lead to localized and generalized sweating due to the excessive stimulation of the muscarenic receptors in the sweat glands. Question 8 --- 1 point If exposed to high enough doses, what effect might the insecticide have on the patient’s skeletal muscles? Your answer: Expose to high doses of the insecticide containing organophosphate may result in weak muscles, potentially leading to muscles paralysis due to the effect of the skeletal muscle contraction. Question 9 --- 1 point Would the administration of a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist be useful in the treatment of this patient? Why or why not? Your answer:
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