Module 13 quiz

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Johns Hopkins University *

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Biology

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Apr 3, 2024

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docx

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1

Uploaded by CoachHawkPerson1940

Module 13 quiz: 1- Underlying arterial PO2 conditions can affect both the threshold and sensitivity of a carbon dioxide-driven chemoreflex response. True False 2- Which region of the brainstem seems to be the most important for stimulating baseline breathing patterns? PRG Pneumotaxic center Apneustic center DRG & VRG 3- The general purpose of the respiratory chemoreflex is to: Stimulate an increase in ventilation Bring in more oxygen in response to hypoxemia Get rid of more carbon dioxide in response to hypercapnia and acidosis All of these are purposes of the respiratory chemoreflex None of these is a purpose of the respiratory chemoreflex 4- The DRG only contains inspiratory neurons, while the VRG contains both inspiratory and expiratory neurons. True False 5- Central chemoreceptors are more sensitive and responsive to small fluctuations in arterial PCO2 around its homeostatic set point vs. small fluctuations in pH around its homeostatic set point. (In other words, pH must experience a more dramatic departure away from set point before the chemoreflex will exhibit a similar responsiveness.) True False 6- The Hering-Breuer reflexes apply to quiet tidal breathing, not deeper forced breathing. True False 7- The Hering-Breuer deflation reflex: Helps determine functional residual capacity in neonates Is functionally absent in adults Contributes to air trapping and alveolar collapse in COPD patients Stimulates the onset of tidal expiration 8- The Hering-Breuer inflation reflex is most physiologically relevant in healthy adult populations. True False 9- Which respiratory region of the brainstem receives incoming sensory information? DRG VRG PRG Apneustic center 10- Hydrogen ions cannot cross the blood-brain barrier, thus central chemoreceptors are only sensitive to PCO2. True False 11- Which chemoreceptor location is the most important for sensing hypercapnia and acidosis? Carotid bodies Aortic bodies Ventrolateral medulla All of these locations are equally critical for sensing hypoxemia 12- Which chemoreceptor location is the most important for sensing hypoxemia? Carotid bodies Aortic bodies Ventrolateral medulla All of these locations are equally critical for sensing hypoxemia 13- Glomus cell firing rates in response to falling arterial PO2 values can be influenced by local pH but are completely independent of arterial PCO2 conditions. True False 14- Which of the following terms could be reasonably applied to describe a state of deeper and/or faster breathing? Hypoventilation Hyperventilation Eupnea Apnea 15- Which of the following statements about respiratory mechanoreflexes is FALSE? There is a lot of information readily available about many different respiratory mechanoreflexes—they have been the subject of extensive research recently They can sense physical stimuli in both the upper and lower airways In addition to the presence of air, these reflexes can also be stimulated by liquid and solid material The Hering-Breuer reflexes are a type of stretch reflex 16- Which cell in the carotid bodies is the actual sensor for detecting abnormal arterial gases and pH? Glomus cell Sustentacular cell Glossopharyngeal nerve afferent neuron Vagus nerve afferent neuron
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