UNIT7_cellular_respiration

Chemolithotrophs meet their energy needs by oxidizing organic food molecules.   True False Which of the following events does not occur during the energy-investment phase of glycolysis?   Hexokinase catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate.   Phosphofructokinase catalyzes the isomerization of glucose-6-phosphate to fructose-6-phosphate.   Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase cleaves Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two different three-carbon sugars.   Dihydroxyacetone phosphate can be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate with the help of the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase.

Trypanosoma brucei is a parasitic protozoan that causes sleeping sickness in humans, Transmitted by the tsetse fly, sleeping sickness is a fatal disease characterized by fever, anemia, inflammation, lethargy, headache, and convulsions. When trypanosomes are present in the human bloodstream, they depend on glycolysis entirely for energy generation. The first seven glycolytic enzymes in these organisms are localized in peroxisome-like organelles called glycosomes, which are only regulated weakly by allosteric regulator molecules. Glycosomes take up glucose and export glycerate-3-phosphate. There are two pools of ADP and ATP (cytoplasmic and glycosomal), and the glycosomal membrane is impermeable to both nucleotides as well as most other glycolytic intermediates. If the glycosomal membrane is compromised, the concentration of phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates rises and the cells die. Explain.

Yeast produces carbon dioxide gas. Therefore, based only on this information, can we tell whether the yeast were using aerobic cellular respiration or Anaerobic (ethanol) fermentation? Yes or No If not, what additional information would we need to know to tell whether the yeast used aerobic respiration or anaerobic (Ethanol) fermentation?

is the enzyme mechanism used by lysozyme is the enzyme mechanism used by carbonic anhydrase is the name of the enzyme mechanism used by chymotrypsin is the name of the enzyme that cleaves polysaccharides that give structural integrity to bacterial cell wall is the name of the amino acid other than aspartic acid that is present in the active site of lysozyme is the enzyme classification where lysozyme belongs is the optimal pH for the action of lysozyme is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate is the name of the metal present in the active site of carbonic anhydrase is the pka of water when its is bonded to the metal ion in the active site of carbonic anhydrase

Which of the following processes is anaerobic?       alcoholic fermentation in plants only   lactic acid fermentation in animals only   glycolysis only   only alcoholic fermentation in plants and lactic acid fermentation in animals   alcoholic fermentation in plants, lactic acid fermentation in animals, and glycolysis

Clecese Civcelysis Pyrevate rentation Lactic Acid Ethyl Alcohol and CO: Acety1-CaA Mitochondrion Citric Acid Odle (Kreb's Cycle) 2 ATP Electron Transport Chain 32 ATP The greatest amount of ATP will be produced in a cell when when lactic acid is being made the reactions of the cytosol take place oxygen (O2) is being used by the cell O oxygen (O2) is not being used by the cell

a. What is the purpose of boiling the wort in beer preparation?b. What are hops used for?c. If fermentation of sugars to produce alcohol in wine is anaerobic,why do winemakers make sure that the early phase of yeastgrowth is aerobic?

Trypanosoma brucei is a parasitic protozoan that causessleeping sickness in humans, Transmitted by the tsetse fly,sleeping sickness is a fatal disease characterized by fever,anemia, inflammation, lethargy, headache, and convulsions.When trypanosomes are present in the human bloodstream,they depend on glycolysis entirely for energy generation.The first seven glycolytic enzymes in these organisms arelocalized in peroxisome-like organelles called glycosomes,which are only regulated weakly by allosteric regulatormolecules. Glycosomes take up glucose and export glycerate3-phosphate. There are two pools of ADP and ATP(cytoplasmic and glycosomal), and the glycosomal membrane is impermeable to both nucleotides as well as mostother glycolytic intermediates. If the glycosomal membraneis compromised, the concentration of phosphoylated glycolytic intermediates rises and the cells die. Explain.

[Glycolysis and Fermentation in Yeast] Answer in 2 - 3 sentences. #1: Relate differences in the fermentation of different carbohydrates to the natural environment of yeast. #2: Explain why the production of CO; in your yeast experiments was mostly the result of fermentation rather than aerobic respiration.

What is the primary difference between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation?   lactic acid produced CO2, whereas alcoholic fermentation does not   alcoholic fermentation produces O2, whereas lactic acid does not   alcoholic fermentation produces CO2, whereas lactic acid does not   alcoholic fermentation is an aerobic process, whereas lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic process

10. Compare and contrast fermentation to cellular respiration. Click and drag the following to the correct heading: Oxygen Glycolysis Lactic acid Require 2 ATP to start Cytoplasm only Pre-work 3 - Video 3 Krebs Cycle aerobic No Oxygen Cytoplasm and mitochondria anaerobic Electron Transport Chain Pyruvate ethanol 36 - 38 ATP made Production of CO2 NADH → NAD+ Cellular Respiration Similar Fermentation Pre-work 1 Live Session 1 Pre work 2 Live Session 2 Weekly Summary

Remember that the chemical energy stored in glucose is found in the chemical bonds. Explain why aerobic cellular respiration releases much more energy for the cell to use than anaerobic. anaerobic cellular respiration examples Lactic Acid Fermentation 20,H,O, + 2 ATP Alcohol Fermentation 2C,H,OH + 2CO, + 2 ATP aerobic respiration tv Aa MacBook Air 80 888 DII DD F2 F3 F5 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 23 $ & * 3 4 5 7 8 E R Y U { D K L C V M .. .-

Describe each step of the metabolic pathway shown in the image below. Linoleic Acid Metabolism 18:2n-6, HO. Linoleic Acid 18:3n-6 он Gamma Linolenic Acid 20:3n-6 он Dihomo Gamma Linolenic Acid 20:4n-6 HO, Arachidonic Acid 22:4n-6 но, Docosatetraenoic Acid

Fill out the table Energy Carriers Produced in Glycolysis The transition step and the kreb cycle

Fermentation will occur under anaerobic conditions only Sometimes the condition is temporary, resulting in lactic acid fermentation Once an oxygen debt has been repaid, fermentation will stop under anoxic conditions only Sometimes the condition is temporary, resulting in lactic acid fermentation Once an oxygen debt has been repaid, fermentation will stop under anoxic or anaerobic conditions Sometimes the condition is temporary, resulting in lactic acid fermentation Once an oxygen debt has been repaid, fermentation will stop under anoxic or anaerobic conditions Sometimes the condition is permanent, resulting in lactic acid fermentation

Why does a chemoautotroph sometimes need to run its electron transport chain backwards? To generate ATP which is not made when the transport chain is run forwards To generate proton motive force which is not made when the transport chain is run forwards To generate NAD+ which is not made when the transport chain is run forwards To generate NADH which is not made when the transport chain is run forwards To generate glucose which is not made when the transport chain is run forwards

Transport Chain 5. Define cellular respiration. What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration? Clearly define the proton motive force and chemiosmosis. 6. Summarize the process of fermentation. Describe 2 different fermentation processes Fermentation in the

Word Bank 2 Acetyl-CoA 2 ATP 2 ATP 34 ATP 2€0€ 4 CO₂ Electron transport chain 2 FADH₂ Fermentation Glucose- Glycolysis Krebs cycle Lactic Acid 2 NADH -2 NADH- 6 NADH NADT 2-Pyruvate Fermentation whose products include ↓ Lactic Acid and regenerates Cellular Respiration begins with CO NADE Glucose In the absence of 0₂ can be used in which is broken down during Glycolysis 1 which produces ↓ 2 Pyruvate 2002 2ATP + yielding a net gain of 2NADH In the presence of 0₂ can be used to produce + which is catabolized via the Krebs cycle with a net yield of used in the Electron transport Chain to produce 34ATP used in the

Please explain why each choice is wrong or correct.

Kombucha requires two fermentation steps. The first one is partly aerobic and partly anaerobic. The aerobic growth occurs because the kombucha is allowed to brew exposed to oxygen. Where is the anaerobic growth occurring in the first fermentation step?  The second fermentation step is the step in which we add the kombucha to a sealed bottle therefore I'm confused as to where it can occur before we seal it.

V. Respiration in eukaryotes is completed in four stages with varying amounts of ATP molecules produced as shown in the table given below. Study the table and answer the question. Stages of respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Link reaction 3. Krebs cycle 4. Oxidative phosphorylation ATP molecules Net gain of ATP produced molecules 1 6 0 6 2 24 0 8 Which of the following stages is correctly matched? A 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 3 and 4. D 4 and 1 vi. The figure shows the reflex arc of a person having perceived stimulus from the environment. The correct path of the conduction of nerve impulse is

Also this alcohol fermentation has stumped me. I'm not sure if how the question is being asked :(

Choose the odd one for fermentation       It occurs in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes only         It occurs in absence of oxygen         Net gain of only two molecules of ATP from each molecule of glucose         There is no any net gain of NADH + H+

Look at the cellular respiration reaction. What reactants and/or catalysts (enzymes) does the yeast supply? What does the juice supply?   What is the product of respiration that we need? In other words, why do organisms need cellular respiration? Propose an alternative experiment to test rates of cellular respiration besides measuring acid production (hint: look at the reaction equation). Do some reading and discuss some applications of fermentation in biotechnology, food production, or medicine.

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Picture. 1: Fresh potato +H202 H2O+02 (air bubbles) Questions: 1. Why did you use buffer instead of distilled water to dilute the enzyme and the substrate? 2. What do we mean by enzyme specificity? 3. Name the substrate of peptidase, sucrase and amylase? 4. Discuss the factors affecting the rate of an enzymatic reaction, showing how each one affects the rate? 34

There are a few things that go along with eukaryotes which are, plants, fungi and protozoa. The net ATP yield for eukaryotic cells are 2 ATP moving through membranes, however, in other words only have 36 ATP.  How many chemical reactions (steps) are involved? Briefly describe them.

Plasmodium use digestive vacuoles (DV) to digest hemoglobin and heme from red blood cells into fuel sources for their life cycle. The DV is the site where host proteins are degraded by the parasite and then the peptide pieces are exported into the Plasmodium cytosol for use in biosynthesis. Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, is a transporter in this DV membrane and its original function was unknown until recently. Researchers digested hemoglobin into peptide fragments and then tested the effect of these fragments on PfCRT function. VF-6-2 is one of these fragments of hemoglobin and apparently a natural substrate of PfCRT. Chloroquine, for which the transporter was originally named, is a substrate only of mutant transporters. One mutant PfCRT, for instance, has K76T in its substrate binding site and thus a significantly lower Km for chloroquine, inspiring the original name of the transporter, because of its importance for drug resistance in malaria…

Similar to the activity in our muscle cells, certain bacteria canutilize sugars by aerobic cellular respiration (which requiresoxygen) or by fermentation (which does not). However, like musclecells, these bacteria only use fermentation when oxygen is notavailable. Why is aerobic respiration preferable? What is thespecific role of oxygen in this process?