BIO 140 PASS_ W13S2 Exam 3 Review 1

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Apr 3, 2024

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1. After you add a chemical to cells growing in a test tube, proteins accumulate in the cells’ endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The chemical added prevents movements of proteins from the ER to which organelle? a. Golgi apparatus b. Lysosome c. Mitochondria d. Ribosome 2. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function? a. Mitochondrion; photosynthesis b. Nucleus; creation of energy (ATP) from sugars c. Lysosome; movement d. Central vacuole; storage 3. Which of the following is true of the endoplasmic reticulum? a. The smooth ER is involved in lipid synthesis b. Both the smooth and rough ER are directly involved in protein synthesis c. Functions in the transport of molecules to be endocytosed into the cell d. Rough ER is involved in metabolism and lipid synthesis 4. Phospholipids create the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane. What is true about their tails? a. Saturated tails increase membrane fluidity through double bonds b. Saturated tails decrease membrane fluidity through lack of double bonds c. Unsaturated tails increase membrane fluidity through lack of double bonds d. Unsaturated tails decrease membrane fluidity through double bonds 5. Passive transport allows the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. What is a characteristic of passive transport? a. The input of ATP is required in order to facilitate transportation b. Substances move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentrations c. Passive transport only refers to the movement of water molecules d. Membrane proteins are always needed in order for it to take place 6. What is a similarity between active transport and facilitated diffusion? a. Both require the input of ATP b. Active transport utilizes proteins and facilitated diffusion does not c. Both require the use of membrane proteins d. Neither require the input of ATP 7. Red blood cells react to their surrounding environment and can lyse, swell, and shrink. What is most likely to occur if a RBC is placed in a hypertonic solution? a. It will swell b. It will shrink c. No change 8. A protein is made on a free ribosome in the cytoplasm, what is a possible destination of this protein? a. Secreted from the cell b. Transmembrane proteins

c. Golgi d. Nucleus 9. The sodium potassium pump functions to pump a. Sodium ions out, potassium ions into the cell b. Sodium ions in, potassium ions out of the cell c. Sodium and potassium ions into the cell d. Sodium and potassium ions out of the cell 10. Why does the sodium potassium pump require ATP to function properly? a. The concentration of sodium and potassium ions is greater outside the cell b. The concentration of sodium and potassium ions is greater inside the cell c. The concentration of sodium is greater inside and potassium is greater outside the cell d. The concentration of sodium is greater outside and potassium is greater inside the cell The sodium potassium pump is a form of active transport and ions move against their concentration gradient. Sodium moves out, so it is greater outside the cell. Potassium moves in, so it is greater inside the cell 11. Which substance from the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis is a source of energy for the light-independent reactions? a. ADP b. H 2 O c. NADPH d. Pyruvic acid 12. What is the purpose of splitting water in PS II of the light dependent reaction? a. Provides e- for PS II and H+ for thylakoid space b. To produce oxygen for animals c. There is no purpose 13. It is important to create a concentration of H+ in the thylakoid space so that the H+ can diffuse through __ to create ___. a. NADH, NADPH b. Proton pump, protons c. ATP synthase, ATP 14. The Calvin cycle is considered light-independent because it can occur in darkness. However, most often the Calvin cycle takes place in sunlight. Which of the following likely explains why? a. The enzymes involved in the Calvin cycle are unable to bind substrates in the dark b. Sunlight is important in activating carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle c. Calvin cycle requires ATP and NADPH, which require sunlight to be produced d. RuBP regeneration requires sunlight in order to occur and continue the Calvin cycle

15. A mutation occurs in the chloroplasts of a lettuce plant, causing its thylakoid membranes to become more permeable to charged ions. How might this mutation affect the Calvin cycle? a. Fewer carbohydrates would be produced by the Calvin cycle b. More carbohydrates would be produced by the Calvin cycle c. There would be no change to the Calvin cycle Less ATP would be produced by the ATP synthase, so less ATP would be available to synthesize triose phosphate (carbohydrates). ATP and NADPH are used to synthesize carbohydrates 16. T/F: The Calvin cycle can happen at night. a. True b. False 17. What is the name of the enzyme that fixes carbon in photosynthesis? a. NADPH reductase b. Carbon Fixase c. Rubisco d. Calvinase 18. Which of the following statements about the Calvin cycle is false? a. It binds carbon atoms from CO2 sources into organic compounds b. Releases oxygen as a byproduct c. Occurs within the stroma of the chloroplast d. Carbohydrates are an output Carbon fixation is when CO 2 (inorganic compound) is used to create organic compounds. The Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma. Oxygen is not released as a byproduct. 19. Protons move into the thylakoid due to the a. Concentration gradient in the stroma b. Photosynthesis c. Movement of electrons through the electron transport chain d. CO 2 transfer of electrons 20. The light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take energy from sunlight and convert it into stored chemical energy. Which compounds are produced in the light-dependent reactions? a. ATP and NADP+ b. ATP and NADPH c. ADP and NADPH d. ADP and NADP+ 21. If oxygen is not present, pyruvate molecules undergo what? a. Fermentation b. Degradation c. Biosynthesis d. Citric acid cycle 22. What are the products of fermentation in plant cells and yeast?

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