BIO356 Lab 3 and 4_The skeleton system

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Biology

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Jan 9, 2024

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BIO356 Human Anatomy and Physiology Laboratory Dr. Shu-Yuan Cheng, Dr. Juan Zhen and Karen Conrad Lab 3 & 4: The Skeletal System Date Effective Date Revised Version Page August 27, 2018 July 28, 2018 1.0 1 Overview: A. You will work on different subjects and then rotate B. You are expected to match bone markings with their appropriate description C. You are expected to understand the classification of bones and their anatomical features D. For the axial skeleton , try to identify the listed out bones Identify the bones of skull Then look for the sutures surrounding the bones In vertebrate column part, spend some time in finding foramens. E. To identify the appendicular bones , distinguishing the right and left side is important in addition to the names. Now, bone markings would be a big helper. As well as in aim 1, it is important to realize that bone markings are very important for muscle location (lab 5) and identification. I. Anatomical Orientation of Human II. Function, Structure, & Growth of Bones III. Bone Surface Structures & Features: A. Each bone has characteristic external and internal features. B. Bones and other tissues connect by tendons, ligament and joints. C. Blood vessels, nerves lie alongside or penetrate the bone through depression, grooves and tunnels. 1. Condyle – a large rounded articulating knob 2. Facet – a flattened or shallow articulating surface 3. Fovea – a small rounded depression or pit 4. Foramen – an opening through a bone 5. Fossa – a rounded depression 6. Head – a prominent, rounded, articulating proximal end of a bone 7. Meatus – a passageway or tunnel through a bone 8. Pedicle – a stalk or base of a structure 9. Process – a projection on a bone 10. Ramus – part of a bone that forms an angle with the main body of the bone 11. Suture – a junction between flat bones 12. Sinus – a cavity or hollow space in a bone 13. Tubercle – a lump on a bone for a muscle attachment
Lab 3 & 4: The Skeletal System Date Effective Date Revised Version Page September 27, 2018 September 23, 2018 1.0 2 Figure 1 https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/8-1-the-pectoral-girdle/ IV. Axial Skeleton: Consists of 80 Bones Skull & Facial Bones Vertebral Column Thoracic Cage (Sternum & Ribs) Hyoid Bone
Lab 3 & 4: The Skeletal System Date Effective Date Revised Version Page September 27, 2018 September 23, 2018 1.0 3 A. Skull & Facial Bones: Highlighted parts are NOT required, but are for your information. Figure 2: Right Lateral View Figur e 2: Right later al view Distin guishi ng Struct ures Comment s Ethm oid (1) Front al (1) Lacri mal (1) Man dible (1) Coron oid proce ss Mandi bular condy le Ment al foram en Mental foramen
Lab 3 & 4: The Skeletal System Date Effective Date Revised Version Page September 27, 2018 September 23, 2018 1.0 4 Maxilla (2) Nasal (2) Occipital (1) Lambdoid suture Between Occipital and Parietal Parietal (2) Squamous suture Between Temporal and Parietal Coronal suture Between Frontal and Parietal Sphenoid (1) Temporal (2) External acoustic meatus Mastoid process Styloid process Zygomatic process Zygomatic (2) Figure 3 and 4: Inferior view Distinguishing Structures Comments Maxilla Palatine process of Maxilla Median palatine suture Between Palatine process Palatine Hard palate Palatine process of Maxilla & Palatine Figure 3: Inferior Superficial View
Lab 3 & 4: The Skeletal System Date Effective Date Revised Version Page September 27, 2018 September 23, 2018 1.0 5 Occipital External occipital protuberance Foramen magnum Occipital condyle Parietal Vomer Right under palatine bone Zygomatic Sphenoid Foramen ovale Temporal Carotid canal Jugular foramen External acoustic meatus Foramen lacerum Temporal /Sphenoid Figure 4: Inferior Internal View
Lab 3 & 4: The Skeletal System Date Effective Date Revised Version Page September 27, 2018 September 23, 2018 1.0 6 Figure 4 Distinguishing Structures Comments Ethmoid Cribriform plate Crista galli Frontal Occipital Jugular foramen Parietal Temporal Foramen lacerum Sphenoid Foramen rotundum Foramen spinosum Optic canal Sella turcica Foramen ovale
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