ASSIGNMENT Senses

3) Color vision with retinal implants sensation of white color, i.e., they do not provide color vision. Why do you think that this is so? What do you see as the biggest challenge in front of this? : Retinal implants mainly generate the

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1. Vitreous humor: Group of answer choices helps support the eye contains photoreceptors is more watery than aqueous humor controls the shape of the lens   2. During an earthquake, which type of sensory receptor would sense the fact that your body is shaking? Group of answer choices Proprioceptors Baroreceptors Chemoreceptors Tactile receptors   3. What types of receptors would you expect to find in the skin? Select all correct answers. Group of answer choices chemoreceptors nociceptors thermoreceptors proprioceptors tactile receptors baroreceptors   4. Which two types of receptors would you expect to find in "tubes" inside your body — namely, blood vessels and the respiratory, digestive, + urinary tracts? Group of answer choices Thermoreceptors Tactile receptors Proprioceptors Chemoreceptors Baroreceptors Nociceptors   5. Which types of receptors would you expect to find in skeletal muscles? Select all correct answers. Group of answer choices…

1. Using your knowledge on personal care products, how does sunscreen lotion protect your skin from the damaging effect of ultraviolet rays? Explain why of x-rays and gamma rays are commonly used in radiotherapy. 2. Why do x-rays and gamma rays are commonly used in treating cancer (radiotherapy)? 3. Suppose a 490 nm wavelength of light enters your eyes, what receptors in retina of your eyes will be stimulated and what color will be perceived by your eyes?

Use these 2 terms to describe how light is focused 1. During distant vision: 2. During close vision What are the 2 layers of the retina? Function?

Put the following steps in order for transduction for vision.  Question options:   PDE breaks down cyclic GMP   Photon is absorbed by discs   the photoreceptor hyperpolarizes   Sodium channels are inactivated and the dark current stops   Opsin is activated   Phosphodiesterase (PDE) is activated     Transducin is activated

I need to differentiate the functions of parts of the ear. The vestibular apparatus, which has fluid and hairs in it--head position ex. car sickness, while reading in moving car; semicircular canals, which have hairs in it--balance and equilibrium ex. dizziness when riding a merry-go-round; and cochlea, which have cilia--hearing ex. hearing loss going to a concert.

1. This question asks you about a typical neuron and NOT photoreceptors.  As stimulus intensity is increased, recording from a single neuron USUALLY shows     the amplitude of the action potential increases.     the amplitude of the action potential decreases.     the amplitude of the action potential may increase or decrease, depending on the stimulus.     the rate of firing of the nerve fiber increases. 2. An inhibitory transmitter _______ the firing rate of a neuron and an excitatory transmitter ________ the firing rate.     increases; decreases     increases; increases     decreases; decreases     decreases; increases

1. Do rods or cones result in better resolved (more detailed) images? Why?  2. Which area of the retina has the highest resolution (acuity)? Why? 3. Suppose each visual receptive field is monitored by a ganglion cell. Briefly describe the size and density of receptive fields in the retinal area in question (2) compared to other retinal areas.  4.  Explain how bending the stereocilia in the cochlea results in the brain receiving a signal.

Put the following in the correct order of the most direct visual processing pathway from eyes to brain. 1. Lateral geniculate neuron 2. Ganglion cell 3. Visual cortex neuron 4. Bipolar cell 5. Optic nerve 6. Photoreceptor

You discover that the convergence ratio for the photoreceptors in the Zerons is opposite to that of humans, i.e the convergence ratio for rods is lower and the convergence ratio of cones is higher. The site and distribution of the photoreceptors is the same as in humans. Question: What might be true for Zerons vision? The images formed in the dark are sharper than those formed in light The central parts of their visual field aren't as sharp as the peripheral parts of their visual fields. They are better at forming color contrasts in images They have poor differentiation between black and white

How are Ca2+ channels involved in phototransduction? they cause neurotransmitter release even if no action potentials are produced are not affected by PDE activation in the outer segments when open, they lead to hyperpolarization in photoreceptors in darkness, they do not rely on CGMP levels The density of cones in the retina: is highest where cone outer segments increase in diameter is lowest where retinal blood vessels are absent is drastically less than that of rods in the fovea is indicative of what areas are associated with acuity The recycling of rhodopsin.

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The membrane potential of cells within the visual system is recorded in the dark, then following a brief flash of light. During the flash of light you would expect __________ cells to _____________       a   rod cell; hyperpolarize  b   bipolar cell; depolarize  c   ganglion cell; depolarize  d   all of the above are correct

The retina consist of (Select ALL that apply)     muscle fibers     bipolar cells     photoreceptors     ganglion cells The ___________ consist of ____ loops & they function in ___________.     semicircular canals; 3; equilibrium     semicircular canals; 4; hearing     semicircular canals; 4; equilibrium     semicircular canals; 3; hearing

color blindness can result from the loss of specific types of cons or it can occur in individuals having fewer cones of a given type.an individual has 50% lesss than the normal number of green cone photoreceptors in his retina how would this affect his vision

Choose the structure that corresponds to each statement. a. bipolar cell layer e. macula lutea b. central fovea f. optic disc c. cones g. photoreceptor layer d. ganglion cell layer h. rods 1. has the highest density of cones in the retina 2. axons form optic nerve 3. does not contain photoreceptors; blind spot 4. photoreceptor that allows us to see color 5. contains rods and cones 6. the center of the neural portion of the retina 7. photoreceptor used in night vision 8. rods and cones synapse on these cells

key function of rod photoreceptors is to: detect colors detect fine details in the visual field. detect light under low levels of illumination. detect light under high levels of illumination. During phototransduction, transducin activates phosphodiesterase (PDE) that converts: GTP to GDP CGMP to GMP retinal cis to retinal trans retinal trans to retinal cis

Explain the process of phototransduction and signal transmission in the retina.  Be sure to include the steps associated with the formation/breakdown of Rhodopsin as well as the signal transduction process that takes place in the retina beginning in the dark.  Be sure to also include where in the retina these processes are taking place (i.e rods, bipolar cells or ganglion cells, outer segment, inner segment…). It is a very important question If possible,  provide all the correct and detailed information, please.

The discharge rate of an off-center ganglion cell: is not an absolute measure of light intensity does not depend on the background level of illumination O is highest when receptive field is in complete darkness O is the same for center-only and center-plus-surround illumination Which of the following terms are most suitably matched? Pitch, waveform Loudness, amplitude Frequency, pressure Tonotopy, phase

Select the options that properly describe the function and features of rods. The absorbance of rhodopsin in the rods is much more sensitive than in the cone opsins. O The absorbance of rhodopsin in the cones is much more sensitive than in the rods opsins. sensitive to bright light conditions. O Rods are sensitive to vision in bright light conditions. O In low light conditions rods perceive color as blue scale. O In low light conditions rods perceive color as gray cale. O sensitive to low light conditions. Rods are sensitive to low light conditions. OA bright blue light would stimulate rods more than cones. O Rods are sensitive to vision in low light conditions. OLow light conditions are viewed in blue scale. Rods are sensitive to bright light conditions.

Which the correct order of passing information of light stimuli among cells in the retina? ganglion cell → bipolar cells → photoreceptor photoreceptor → amacrine cells → ganglion cell horizontal cell photoreceptor →ganglion cell Ophotoreceptor → bipolar cells → ganglion cell

In a detailed essay,  Explain the process of phototransduction and signal transmission in the retina.  Be sure to include the steps associated with the formation/breakdown of Rhodopsin as well as the signal transduction process that takes place in the retina beginning in the dark.  Be sure to also include where in the retina these process are taking place (i.e rods, bipolar cells or ganglion cells, outer segment, inner segment...). Please provide step-by-step details! please be sure you add all required info.