BUSI 735 DB1 WK1

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Rational, Natural and Open Systems 1 Rational, Natural and Open Systems Tawanda L. Robertson School of Business, Liberty University Author Note I have no known conflict of interest to disclose. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Tawanda L. Robertson, Liberty University, 1971 University Blvd, Lynchburg, VA 24515. Email: trobertson9@liberty.edu

Rational, Natural and Open Systems 2 Rational, Natural and Open Systems This week discussion will be focused on rational, natural, and open systems. Each category is how organizations can be classified. Rational, natural, and open systems perspective is a guide to help individual understand and analyze the organization goals and behavior. Understanding these different perspectives is very important because each plays a very important part in the organizations. Rational, natural, and open systems perspective make value points about an organization. Informal or formal structure within an organization, both system organizational goal is to make sure that everyone understands the organization. The more everyone understand the organization, the more likely they can work on their goals. Defining Characteristics A rational organizational system is a system that supports teamwork working together to pursue goals. This type of organization focuses on the structure of the organization. The structure of the organization is aligned with the company goals in mind. According to Li et al. (2018), rational organizational systems focus on situational enticements and impediments. Therefore, rational organizational systems have two main key components. The two main key components of rational organizational systems are (1) formalization and (2) goal specificity. This type of organizational structure focuses strictly on goals. The formal structure is the tool that helps align the specific goals within an organization (Őnday, 2018). Therefore, within the rational organizational theory, the organization focuses on setting or achieving goals. For the organization to support their focus the organization needs to make sure that everyone is working together to achieve their goals. A rational organization uses the formal structure to organize every person's responsibility in the organization. According to Scott (2007), for the goals to be relevant to the rational organization systems the goals need to be clearly defined, explicit, and

Rational, Natural and Open Systems 3 provide unambiguous data. Therefore, the goals of the organization need to be less vague as possible. According to Scott (2007), specific goals supply relevant criteria to aid in choosing activities and it also guides the organization's structure. Rational organizational systems can be viewed as closed systems. The rational approach would be ideal for an organization that focuses on seeking an understanding of its goals (Edwards, 2017). The organization that uses the rational approaches has a clear understanding of each responsibility. A rational organizational system is a group of individuals that work together as one for the goals of the organization. The rational organization system relates to an organization as a mechanical model. Although the group works individually, they also work together in meeting the goals of the organization. The main characteristics of rational systems are formal structure, goal specification, efficiency and effectiveness. A natural organizational system focuses more on the interpersonal and informal structure of an organization. Individuals within this organization have multiple tasks to complete. For example, a natural organizational system can be viewed as a university or college. The professor has more than one task to focus on. According to Scott (2007), a natural organizational system recognizes the value of perpetuating the organization as a valuable resource. Natural organizational systems influence the structure of an organization and guide the behavior of individuals in staying on task with their goals. The natural system model helps the organization balance the needs of all individuals. Therefore, this model can prevent any conflicts that might occur within the organization. A natural organizational system focuses on the behavior of the organization. As long as the communication is non-vague, an organization will exist. However, for the individual to effectively communicate they must have the same goals in mind. From a natural organizational system perspective, individual behaviors are most important. Although

Rational, Natural and Open Systems 4 every goal is equally important, the behavior of the organization is how the goals are being achieved. The individual from a natural system theory has multiple goals they focus on. Instead of being focused on just one task of the organization, the individual from a natural system theory has no problem multitasking. The main characteristics of natural systems are informal structure, goal complexity and functional analysis. Open organizational systems focus on both goal specificity and behavior within an organization. The resources from the environment include energy, material, and information that are valuable to the organization. It is especially important to know that from an open organizational systems perspective that “connections with “external” elements can be more critical than those among “internal” components,” (Scott, 2007). Monitoring the environmental resources can help the environment survive within the organization. The characteristics of self- maintenance within an open system have a strategy of adjusting to the environment in the organization. According to Scott (2007), Open organizational systems perspective environment shapes support and infiltrates organizations. Open organizational systems perspective is an open networked structure that rely heavily on external environments, that can lead to enhanced performance in the organization (Jung and Vakharia, 2019). The organization is accepting of adapting to changes to survive in the open systems view. Everyone must motivate, support, and encourage each other in the open systems view. According to Vlados (2019), open organizational systems do not have a structure for leadership. The open system’s organizational systems view is aligned with the development of studies focused on understanding organization populations, sets, and fields (Scott, 2007). An open system outlines the relationships between settings and organizations. Within an open organizational system, the views are flexible because of the connection between the organization and the environment. The open system organizational

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