Forensic Science and Profiling

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University of Phoenix *

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Jan 9, 2024

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1 Forensic Science and Profiling Sarah Byrd University of Phoenix AJS/587: Contemporary Issues In Investigative Methodologies Leonald Robinson November 27, 2023

2 Forensic Science and Profiling Recently, there have been several crimes committed within our community. The investigative department has concluded that these crimes are not random, but they are being committed by the same individual. There are several indicators of why and how the investigative department has determined this. Using criminal profiling and forensic analysis, they concluded that these crimes are not random. There are several different ways of criminal profiling and determining the offender. Criminal Profiling Criminal profiling, also known as offender profiling, uses investigative tools to identify likely suspects that are correlated with criminal characteristics and patterns (Whitman, n.d.). Investigators use this technique to identify and develop the criminal’s personality characteristics and motives. “Using techniques such as extensive knowledge of behavior and statistical probability, profilers work in tandem with forensics teams and other members of law enforcement to apprehend suspects” (University of Central Florida, n.d.). Criminal profiling uses psychology to try to understand why criminals did what they did and to see if they have psychological issues or not. There are different approaches to criminal profiling that are used in criminal cases. Some cases might use all of the approaches or just a few. Approaches to Criminal Profiling There are two different approaches to criminal profiling. The first approach is known as a behavioral profiling approach. A behavioral profile is a tool used by law enforcement agencies to aid in the investigation of violent crimes. It involves the behavioral and personality traits of a

3 likely offender (Scherer & Jarvis, 2014). Investigators carefully study patterns of behavior to formulate theories of when and how a criminal will act next. Hopefully, they can stop the crime from continuing. The second approach to criminal profiling is the investigative profiling approach. This approach uses experiential-based methods which differ from other approaches. According to Scherer & Jarvis (2014), it is possible to construct an analysis that relies on strictly broad generalizations about an offender's behavior, avoids specific statements about the likely traits and characteristics of an offender, and has relative to specificity claims about an offender's motivation for the crime. Criminal investigative profiling can determine the patterns between the crimes. Inductive vs. Deductive Analysis Two approaches to gathering information are inductive and deductive analysis. Inductive and deductive analysis are two methods for collecting and analyzing data in research. Inductive analysis involves observing patterns, trends, and regularities in data and then forming a hypothesis. Deductive analysis involves starting with a hypothesis or a theory based on existing knowledge and then testing it with data. Inductive analysis flows from specific to general by gathering data, looking for patterns, and developing a theory (Saylor Academy, 2012). Deductive analysis flows from general to specific by hypothesizing, analyzing, and determining if the hypothesis is supported (Saylor Academy, 2012). Investigators can use inductive and deductive analysis together for a more complex understanding. Reliability and Validity

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4 Reliability and validity are important concepts in criminal justice research. “Reliability and validity are the two fundamental properties commonly used to assess the precision and accuracy of measurement” (Duwe, 2017). The consistency of research study results is referred to as reliability. Validity, on the other hand, assesses whether an instrument properly measures what it is supposed to measure. With Offender Number One, his reliability with his killings was not the same. According to Beasley II (2004), there were no patterns or discernable changes over time noted in these disposals. He would dismember some, he would put some in between mattresses, and throw some in the woods. But one thing that was the same was the trophies that he kept from each killing. He would always take a picture of the victim and take a piece of jewelry. His validity to continue killing was a constant thing. He stated that killings became a hobby for him. Therefore, if they did not catch him, he would have kept killing innocent victims. His selection of victims, his temporary lifestyle, and the approach to disposing of the bodies would allow him to remain undetected for years. Analysis of the Criminal Behavior Offender Number One never planned his killings, he would have the impulse to kill and would act on it. Unfortunately, he did not have any long-lasting relationships and very few friends. He lacked long-lasting relationships and relied on prostitutes to satisfy his sexual desires. There was no real “reason” as to why he started to kill the women. When arrested, he did not have any remorse for what he did and openly admitted to the murders. He displayed many traits of being a psychopath. “These included irresponsibility, impulsivity, poor behavioral controls, promiscuous sexual behavior, a parasitic lifestyle, callousness, and lack of empathy” (Beasley II, 2004).

5 Summary Unfortunately, Offender Number One lived a very isolated life and lacked a social circle. His need for socialization resulted in many lives being killed. Investigations took a little longer than expected due to the sporadic ways of hiding the bodies. He never did the same thing for his victims, but he always took a picture of them. They found pictures of his victims and jewelry in his home after they caught him. He did not have any remorse for the killings and considered it his hobby. Investigators had to use behavioral profiling to determine his motives and his characteristics. Even though he has multiple characteristics of a psychopath, he did not score high enough to be labeled as one.

6 References Duwe, G. (2017). Why inter-rater reliability matters for recidivism risk assessment . The Public Safety Risk Assessment Clearinghouse. https://bja.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/media/document/pb- interrater-reliability.pdf Saylor. (2012). Inductive or Deductive? Two Different Approaches (1st ed.). Saylor Academy. https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_principles-of-sociological-inquiry-qualitative- and-quantitative-methods/s05-03-inductive-or-deductive-two-dif.html Scherer, J. A., & Jarvis, J. P. (2014, June 10). Criminal Investigative Analysis . FBI. https://leb.fbi.gov/articles/featured-articles/criminal-investigative-analysis- practitioner-perspectives-part-one-of-four University of Central Florida. (n.d.). What Is Criminal Profiling And What Is Its Role In Law Enforcement? https://www.ucf.edu/online/criminal-justice/news/what-is-criminal-profiling- and-what-is-its-role-in-law-enforcement/ Whitman, M. (n.d.). Criminal Profiling: The Good, The Bad and The Ugly . Milne Publishing. https://milnepublishing.geneseo.edu/ethicsinlifeandvocation/chapter/chapter-13- criminal-profiling-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly/

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