Case Study #2 - Ricks, Javon

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Case Study #2 – Open Door Assignment Javon D. Ricks Liberty University BUSI 600: Business Research Methods 1

1. How did ODO operationalize the definition of an adult with a disability? What arguments could you make that the definition was too inclusive or too narrow? According to the ODO’s precise definition, disability encompasses a comprehensive range of physically limiting conditions that are lifelong, yet it excludes individuals with mental or emotional disabilities (Schindler, 2022). An argument that can be made in terms of the definition being too inclusive or too narrow is that among the 40% of seniors expected to receive disability diagnoses, a specific subset of 10% will experience non-physical disabilities. As per the CDC’s findings, these individuals will face impairments affecting their cognitive abilities, such as learning disabilities, severe difficulties in concentration, memory recall, and decision- making (CDC, 2021). Disability exists within the complex interplay of inaccessible social and physical environments, as well as both physical and mental impairments (Shakespeare, 2010). Public health faces the challenge of assessing risks, raising awareness about mental illnesses and treatment effectiveness, eradicating stigma associated with disability, and ensuring access to treatment to eliminate health disparities and enhance healthcare accessibility for older adults. Therefore, it is likely that the actual prevalence of mental health disorders in the elderly population is not accurately reflected (CDC, 2021). The fact that ten percent represents a significant proportion of the elderly population underscores the importance of acknowledging and addressing this group’s needs, as it appears to have been overlooked in the study and calls for a reassessment. Therefore, it is likely that the actual prevalence of mental health disorders in the elderly population is not accurately reflected (CDC, 2021). The fact that ten percent represents a significant proportion of the elderly population underscores the importance of acknowledging 2

and addressing this group's needs, as it appears to have been overlooked in the study and calls for a reassessment. 2. Analyze the research design’s various components. Identify any potential problems and explain the ramifications of these design issues. Identify potential strengths of the design. The various components of the research design include focus groups, questionnaire designs, and telephone/interactive online interviews. With respect to focus groups, 13 participants engaged in two sessions to identify and clarify critical issues related to the problem at hand. The purpose was to gain a better understanding of the issue and obtain answers that would lead to a solution. Focus groups are considered effective because the researcher has greater control and flexibility in analyzing participants, and group members are easily accessible. However, a drawback is that the group may not fully represent all characteristics and important issues relevant to the larger population of disabled individuals (Schindler, 2004). With respect to questionnaire designs, this is where the researcher incorporates input from stakeholders, such as organizations involved in daily interactions with the disabled population and disability issues. The questionnaire was used to fine-tube and filter relevant data, reducing unnecessary errors in the research process. Although it involved trial and error, the questionnaire methodology is a powerful tool for comprehension (Schindler, 2022). As for telephone/interactive online interviews, this method enhances the efficiency of the research process, particularly since the study focuses on disabled individuals. Conducting interviews via telephone or interactive online platforms allows better access to individuals who 3

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may have limited communication capabilities. Many disabled individuals rely on these means of communication, making them suitable for obtaining feedback (Schindler, 2022). 3. What is a hybrid (dual-modality) methodology? What are the pros and cons of the hybrid methodology used in this study? Harris Interactive utilized a hybrid methodology to ensure the inclusion of the desired target population. Approximately half of the participants were sourced from an online database and evaluation specifically tailored for people with disabilities, while the remaining half were recruited through telephone respondents. Some of the telephone respondents had previously participated in Harris Interactive studies and expressed willingness to engage in disability-related surveys. However, a significant challenge with the hybrid methodology is the lack of homogeneity among participant groups. The elderly, in particular, exhibit diverse communication preferences and abilities, which becomes more problematic when considering different disabilities such as blindness, hearing loss, or other physical impairments that require alternative communication methods. Laura Light, research director at Harris Interactive, emphasizes the importance of using both online and telephone methods to achieve a representative sample since not all individuals with disabilities can be reached through a single approach. She states, “People with disabilities are not all reachable by phone or online; the nature of their disability will sometimes exclude one method or another” (Schindler, p. 2 2022). The drawback of this method, however, is the increased time required to conduct interviews with the participants. 4

4. Francie Turk had no prior experience with researching Americans with disabilities. Assume you have a similar background; what would you have done in the exploratory phase of this project to become familiar with the frustrations and hurdles that adults with disabilities face when traveling? Compare your research process with what ODO did. What could ODO have gained from incorporating your methods? In the initial phase of this project, if I had a similar background and circumstances, one of my primary objectives would be to gain a thorough understanding of the population I would be working with. To achieve this, I would actively engage with disabled individuals by listening to their experiences and having meaningful conversations with them. I would also attentively address their concerns, both significant and minor, and make an effort to capture their perspectives on various aspects of their lives. I would strive to comprehend the daily challenges they face and how these limitations affect them economically, socially, and as members of society. Furthermore, I would conduct research by directly interacting with individuals responsible for providing services that cater to or are frequented by the disabled population, such as service providers, airlines, restaurants, hotels, and more. By gathering firsthand information from these sources, I believe I would gain valuable insights and develop a more empathetic approach to analyzing the situation. While acknowledging the effectiveness of the mechanical approach employed by ODO in their extensive study, I would emphasize a more humanistic approach by actively listening and engaging in conversations with the affected individuals. Therefore, I would strive to communicate directly with both those who experience the problem and those who have the potential to create or contribute to its solution (Schindler, 2004). 5

5. Brainstorm lists of potential hotel, restaurant, and rental car accommodations to be evaluated for adults with disabilities and create your own paired-comparison question. During a phone interview, how quickly could you cover this question? What are the advantages and disadvantages to using this measurement scale in the phone survey in comparison to using it in the online survey? The paired-comparison approach used in this study involves evaluating multiple hospitality establishments and assessing their performance based on specific criteria such as efficiency and accommodations. All establishments within the hospitality industry are compared to one another across all criteria. However, a significant omission in the study is the lack of explanation for the selection of a particular car rental business, airline, or hotel. It would have been beneficial to include baseline questions that identify what sets the chosen airline apart from its competitors. While the survey did inquire about the importance of certain factors, it failed to explore whether the accommodation needs were adequately met. If I were conducting this research over the phone, I would have introduced these comparisons after gathering information about the travel partners that were utilized. In order to facilitate this goal, I would have implemented several potential accommodations which include hotels that have larger rooms with larger elevators that are designed for individuals with disabilities. Also, hotels can offer TDD (Telecommunications Device for the Deaf) telephone equipment for guests who have hearing impairments. Car rental companies can install sliding doors on their vehicles that are specifically designed for easy 6

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access. Additionally, they can equip their cars with special communication devices to enable disabled individuals to request roadside assistance conveniently. 6. What are the management, research, and investigative questions driving the next Adults with Disabilities: Travel and Hospitality Study? The management, research, and investigative questions driving the next Adults with disabilities are deeper examination of the elderly population and the challenges they will encounter while traveling. Given the recent pandemic, there will still be a need for specific investigation into how elderly individuals with disabilities can be accommodated during their travels to ensure that they are safe and protected while traveling. References “ Disability Impacts All of Us Infographic | CDC”. (2023). Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved on June 6, 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/ infographic-disability- impacts-all.html “ The State of Mental Health and Aging | CDC”. (2023). Centers for Disease Control. Retrieved on June 6, 2023 from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/disabilityandhealth/ infographic-disability- impacts-all.html Schindler, P. (2004). Open Doors: Extending Hospitality to Travelers with Disabilities . Retrieved June 6, 2023, from https://canvas.liberty.edu/courses/465669/assignments/7412680 7

Schindler, P. (2022). Business Research Methods. 14th edition. Retrieved from https://newconnect.mheducation.com 8

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