Lab Report 4

The deuterium kinetic isotope effect for the halogenation of an alkane is defined in the following equation, where X. = Cl. or Br.       Predict whether chlorination or bromination would have a greater deuterium kinetic isotope effect.

Under milder temperatures than what is needed for dehydration, strong acids catalyze the self-condensation of 1-propyl alcohol to give di-n-propyl ether. The mechanism differs from that of today's reaction in that the protonated alcohol undergoes an Sn2 rather than an Sn1 reaction. Write the mechanism for the acid catalyzed condensation of ethyl alcohol to give diethyl ether. Make sure the mechanism includes protonation, Sn2, and deprotonation.

ASAP Predict the product/products of the reaction. Justify your answer and show the mechanism

When 2-methylpropane is monochlorinated in the presence of light at room temperature, 36% of the product is 2-chloro-2-methylpropane and 64% is 1-chloro-2-methylpropane. From these data, calculate how much easier it is to remove a hydrogen atom from a tertiary carbon than from a primary carbon under these conditions.

Under strongly acidic conditions, hexane is observed to undergo an isomerization process, during which it is converted into branched alkanes having the same molecular formula as hexane (C6H₁4). The rate at which each constitutional isomer is produced is related to the type of acid that is used in the reaction and the degree of mixing that occurs during the reaction (J. Chem. Soc., Perkins Trans. 2 1999, 12, 2715-2718). Step 1 Draw a bond-line structure of hexane. Draw Your Solution There are four branched isomers of hexane. Draw bond-line structures of all four of its isomers. Draw Your Solution

Some alcohols undergo rearrangement or other unwanted side reactions when they dehydrate in acid. Alcohols may be dehydrated under mildly basic conditions using phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3) in pyridine. The alcohol reacts with phosphorus oxychloride much like it reacts with tosyl chloride, displacing a chloride ion from phosphorus to give an alkyl dichlorophosphate ester. The dichlorophosphate group is an outstanding leaving group. Pyridine reacts as a base with the dichlorophosphate ester to give an E2 elimination. Propose a mechanism for the dehydration of cyclohexanol by POCl3 in pyridine.

"A research team synthesizes a novel organic compound 'X' with the molecular formula C5H8O2. When 'X' is treated with a deuterated acid (D2O), a single deuterium atom replaces a hydrogen atom, forming compound 'Y' (C5H7DO2). 'X' does not react with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine (2,4-DNP) but does react with both Tollens' reagent and Benedict's solution, forming a silver mirror and a red precipitate, respectively. Furthermore, 'X' undergoes catalytic hydrogenation over a palladium catalyst, consuming one mole of hydrogen to form a compound 'Z' (C5H10O2). Based on these observations, what is the most likely structure of compound 'X'?" A. Methyl vinyl ketone B. 3-Buten-2-one C. Acetoacetic ester D. 2-Hydroxypent-3-enal

List the requested biological classification or organic functional group(s) for the reactant, predict the reaction type, and predict the product(s) classification or functional group(s). Use the information to draw the major product(s)

CANNOT BE HAND-WRITTEN

Why does the dehydration of an alcohol more often use concentrated sulfuric acid,  H2SO4H2SO4, as the acid catalyst rather than dilute hydrochloric acid, HCl?   Select one or more:   Hydrochloric acid is too small to effectively react with the alcohol in the reaction.   The additional water solvent from a dilute solution could reverse the dehydration reaction.   Only acids with more than one proton can complete the dehydration reaction.   The presence of the chloride ion could result in a competing substitution reaction.

Draw the structure of the organic product of the reaction between cyclohexene and H2SO4, H2O.   Use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. Separate multiple products using the + sign In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.  Please make your answer clear. I did not understand the first answer because it was hand -written

Describe an experiment you will carry out and the result that you will expect to distinguish between the following: Ethanol (Alcohol) 1-bromoethane (Halogenoalkane) Ethanal (aldehyde) Carry out your experiment and identify substances X, Y and Z. The unknown substances provided are Ethanol, 1-bromoethane and Ethanal.

Ethane reacts with chlorine (Cl2) in the presence of ultra-violet (UV) light, to produce 1-chloropropane (CH3CH2Cl) and hydrogen bromide (HCl). As shown in the equation below.CH3CH3+ Cl2→ CH3CH2Cl+ HClDescribe the reaction mechanism of the reaction between ethane and chlorine to produce 1-chloroethane. The description should be detailed and must include the type of bond fission that takes place. You may sketch and insert suitable diagrams to aid your description if you wish.

1. Write the structure of the aminal or hemiaminal intermediate and the imine product formed in the reaction of Acetaldehyde and benzylamine, C6HSCH2NH2. 2. Write the structure of the hemiaminal intermediate and the enamine product formed in the reaction of 3-Pentanone and pyrrolidine. 3. Identify the alkene formed in the following reaction 'H. (CeHs)»P- 4. Predict the principal organic product for the following reaction. K2Cr2O7 H2SO4, H20 H. 5. What is the expected chemical shift for the aldehyde hydrogen in 'H NMR and aldehyde carbon in 13C NMR?

In this lab you are performing your first organic synthesis and safety information on all the materials you are using must be obtained. Companies are required to provide material safety data sheets (MSDS) for chemical compounds they sell. Please examine the MSDS for acetic anhydride, available here. You will find GHS pictograms within the sheet that summarize the main hazards of this compound. The pictograms are essentially the same as the symbols on WHMIS labels, available here for reference. Based on the pictograms, whatare the main hazards for acetic anhydride? Select as many answers as appropriate Select one or more: Carcinogen Gas under pressure Acute oral or inhalation toxicity Corrosive Flammable material Oxidizing material Self-reactive substance