HLSS 230 Homework Assignment Week 1

Suppose a pair of chemical compounds A and B can react in two different ways: A+B → C Reaction 1 gives product C. A+B → D Reaction 2 gives product D. The following facts are known about the two reactions: ● Reaction 1 is endothermic and Reaction 2 is exothermic. • If a reaction vessel is charged ("filled") with A and B, then at first C is produced faster than D. Use these facts to sketch a qualitative reaction energy diagram for both reactions. Note: because these sketches are only qualitative, the energies don't have to be exact. They only have to have the right relationship to each other. For exam if one energy is less than another, that fact should be clear in your sketch. Reaction 1 Reaction 2 energy energy reaction coordinate A + B A + B reaction coordinate D

The Haber-Bosch process is a very important industrial process. In the Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen gas to produce ammonia according to the equation 3H₂(g) + N₂ (g)→2NH3(g) The ammonia produced in the Haber-Bosch process has a wide range of uses, from fertilizer to pharmaceuticals. However, the production of ammonia is difficult, resulting in lower yields than those predicted from the chemical equation. 1.04 g H₂ is allowed to react with 10.4 g N₂, producing 2.68 g NH3. Part A What is the theoretical yield in grams for this reaction under the given conditions? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. ► View Available Hint(s) μÅ Value Units ?

24. ĮThere are highly active chemicals to be shipped by trucks. Environmental regulations stipulate that two chemicals cannot be shipped in the same truck if the two chemicals react explosively. In the table below, an X in a specific row and column indicates that the chemical of the row reacts explosively with the chemical of the column. If we have one canister of each chemical, how many different trucks must be used to ship the chemicals and what chemicals can be shipped together? Chemicals A B D E F G A X X B X X X X X E X X F X X X X G X X Number of trucks: Chemicals that can be in each truck together: :::

Part 1 A student carried out an investigation to observe the effect of changing concentration of sulfuric acid on the breakdown of calcium carbonate (marble) chips. They changed the concentration of the acid between each test but kept the size of the marble chips constant. The full equation for the reaction and a graph of the overall results can be seen below. CaCO3(s) + H₂SO4(aq) → CaSO4(aq) + CO2(g) + H₂O (1) a) b) Rate of Reaction * Concentration of Acid (mol dm³) Explain, using collision theory, why the student obtained these results, and state what they could conclude about the effect of changing concentration of acid on the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and sulfuric acid. If the student had ground up the calcium carbonate chips into a powder and run the tests again, what would you expect to happen to the rate of reaction? Briefly explain why by applying collision theory. Part 2 The student ran the same experiment, but this time changed the temperature, increasing it…

19. The chemical equation for photosynthesis is _CO2 (g) + _H₂O (1)→ __C6H1206 (s) + (C6H12O6 is glucose, the simplest sugar) a. Balance the chemical equation above by filling in the blanks. b. According to onetreeplanted.org, the average tree (across all climates and sizes) removes 10 kg of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere every year. Based on this, what mass of glucose is produced annually by the average tree? O2 (g) c. Teak is a common species of tropical tree. The graph below shows the amount of CO₂ absorbed by teak forests in tons of CO₂ per hectare of forest per year, according to the climate region where the forests are found (dry = low rainfall, humid=high rainfall). Looking at your photosynthesis equation again, what does this data suggest about which reactant is the limiting reactant for teak trees? Explain. C Teak Carbon sequestration rate (tons CO₂ ha -1yr -1) 10 10 20 Tropical humid Tropical dry Aboveground biomass, 0-20 years Belowground biomass, 0 -20 years

Consider the following scenario: Carbon and oxygen combine to form carbon dioxide. A chemical equation you might write for this reaction is C(s) + O2(g) → CO2(g)- If you were watching this reaction occur, how would you know when it was finished? Hint: There is evidence in the equation!

III. The reaction for the Haber process, the industrial production of ammonia, is N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) Assume that under certain laboratory conditions ammonia is produced at the rate of 6.29 mol L-1 s-1. At what rate is hydrogen consumed?   Round your answer to 2 decimal places.

Blast furnaces extract pure iron from the iron(III) oxide in iron ore in a two step sequence. In the first step, carbon and oxygen react to form carbon monoxide: 2C(s)+O2(g)→2CO(g)   In the second step, iron(III) oxide and carbon monoxide react to form iron and carbon dioxide:   Fe2O3(s)+3CO(g)→2Fe(s)+3CO2(g)   Write the net chemical equation for the production of iron from carbon, oxygen and iron(III) oxide. Be sure your equation is balanced.

Chlorine atoms in the atmosphere can react with ozone. Mathematically combine the following two reactions to create an overall balanced equation with the lowest whole-number coefficients. All chemical species in the reaction are gas-phase. Which of the following best represents the overall reaction? C1+03 → Clo+0₂ c10+ 0 → Cl + 0₂ To combine the reactions to create the overall balanced equation, you need to eliminate spectator species and only include the remaining species. O There are two lone chlorine atoms in the overall balanced reaction. O Two chlorine atoms can cause the production of two oxygen molecules. O CIO appears on the reactant and product side of the overall balanced reaction. Lone oxygen atoms are consumed by the overall reaction. O There is a net conversion of O2 to 03.

The Haber-Bosch process is a very important industrial process. In the Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen gas to produce ammonia according to the equation 3H2(g)+N2(g)→2NH3(g)3H2(g)+N2(g)→2NH3(g) The ammonia produced in the Haber-Bosch process has a wide range of uses, from fertilizer to pharmaceuticals. However, the production of ammonia is difficult, resulting in lower yields than those predicted from the chemical equation.     1.74 gg H2H2 is allowed to react with 9.81 gg N2N2, producing 2.24 gg NH3NH3. Part A What is the theoretical yield in grams for this reaction under the given conditions?   Part B What is the percent yield for this reaction under the given conditions?

The Haber-Bosch process is a very important industrial process. In the Haber-Bosch process, hydrogen gas reacts with nitrogen gas to produce ammonia according to the equation 3H2(g)+N2(g)→2NH3(g)3H2(g)+N2(g)→2NH3(g) The ammonia produced in the Haber-Bosch process has a wide range of uses, from fertilizer to pharmaceuticals. However, the production of ammonia is difficult, resulting in lower yields than those predicted from the chemical equation.

Suppose a pair of chemical compounds A and B can react in two different ways: Reaction 1 gives product C. A+B → C A+B-D Reaction 2 gives product D. The following facts are known about the two reactions: • Reaction 1 is exothermic and Reaction 2 is endothermic. • If a reaction vessel is charged ("filled") with A and B, then at first D is produced faster than C. Use these facts to sketch a qualitative reaction energy diagram for both reactions. Note: because these sketches are only qualitative, the energies don't have to be exact. They only have to have the right relationship to each other. For example, if one energy is less than another, that fact should be clear in your sketch. energy Reaction 1 reaction coordinate energy Reaction 2 reaction coordinate 0 L4 A # Ba

Define the following terms  Centrifuge Supernatant liquid Precipitation Decant Washing precipitate

In the presence of platinum, carbon monoxide reacts with oxygen to form carbon dioxide. The platinum is not used up by the reaction. What is the role of the platinum in the reaction? Include the class of platinum in this process. Use the paperclip button below to attach files. X D@ B IUに 2

Suppose a pair of chemical compounds A and B can react in two different ways: A+B C Reaction 1 gives product C. A+B D →> Reaction 2 gives product D. The following facts are known about the two reactions: • Reaction 1 is endothermic and Reaction 2 is exothermic. • If a reaction vessel is charged ("filled") with A and B, then at first C is produced faster than D. Use these facts to sketch a qualitative reaction energy diagram for both reactions. Note: because these sketches are only qualitative, the energies don't have to be exact. They only have to have the right relationship to each other. For if one energy is less than another, that fact should be clear in your sketch. energy A + B Reaction 1 reaction coordinate energy A + B Reaction 2 reaction coordinate ☑

2. NITROGEN MOLECULES It is difficult to think that some good things come from the powerful bust of electrical energy. During thunderstorms, the nitrogen and oxygen from the air react to form oxides of nitrogen. These oxides dissolve in the rain and are absorbed by the soil, fertilized with nitrogen. According to studies, more than 50% of usable nitrogen is generated from the atmosphere in this process. Explain the process that happens to nitrogen and oxygen during a thunderstorm in terms of chemical bonding. What is the benefit of this bond? (P) 3. ALLOYS Metal alloys are created through metallic bonding. Two examples of alloys are brass (zinc and copper) and steel (carbon and iron). Metallic bonding is utilized for its conductive properties to help transfer electricity throughout a house via copper wiring. Metallic bonds also exist between cast iron, which is made up of iron and carbon, bronze (Cu &Sn), stainless steel (Fe, Cr, C, In), and so on. It is used mostly to improve the…

Reaction 1 FeO(s) + CO(g) → Fe(1) + CO2(g) AG" > 0 Reaction 2: C(s) + CO2(g) → 2 CO(g) AGzn <0 Overall reaction: FeO(s) + C(s) → Fe(l) + CO(g) AG n < 0 Subm The chemical equations above represent the main reactions that occur during the production of Fe(l) under certain conditions. The overall reaction couples reactions 1 and 2, resulting in a < 0? thermodynamically favorable process. Which of the following best explains whether or not a particle diagram could represent how the coupling of reaction 1 and reaction 2 results in AG A particle diagram that represents the increase in the volume of gaseous product particles would be a good representation of how the coupling of reactions 1 and 2 results in a thermodynamically favorable process. A particle diagram that represents the decrease in the average kinetic energy of the particles would be a good representation of how the coupling of reactions 1 and 2 results in a thermodynamically favorable process. A particle diagram cannot represent…