Lab 3 Madelyn Marcum

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101

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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docx

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Name: Madelyn Marcum 1/28/24 Rutherford’s Gold Foil Experiment Go to: https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/rutherford-scattering/latest/rutherford- scattering_en.html Rutherford Atom Once open, set the number of protons to 20 and click on the blue button above the Alpha Particles to start firing Alpha particles towards the gold foil. 1. Click on the Traces button. What do you notice about the paths of most of the alpha particles? (5 points) The alpha particles are rising up but a very slight changing direction when in close proximity to a nucleus. 2. Increase the number of protons to 60. Does it change how the alpha particles move? If so, how? (5 points) The alpha particles are still rising up but the change direction is stronger than it was before when in close proximity to a nucleus.
3. Now, increase the number of protons to 100. How does this increase change how the alpha particles move through the gold foil as compared to when you started? Why do you think this change occurred? (5 points) The increase of the protons have now caused them to appear more scattered than the previous examples. This change occured because the higher number there are of protons, the stronger the charge the nucleus has to repel the protons away from itself. 4. Repeat the above steps, but vary how many neutrons are present with the protons. Does this change how the Alpha particles travel? Why or why not? (5 points) The higher presence of neutrons compared to protons gives the nucleus a weaker charge/force making it possible for the alpha particles to combine with the nucleus. 5. Click on the red/gray sphere and reset the number of protons to 20. Watch and describe how the alpha particles move in relationship to the nucleus. Make a sketch of the motion. (5 points) Alpha particles motion moves at a slower slightly angled direction than before, that is if the protons are reset to 20, and neutrons are at max 150. (N- for nucleus. Red line is the alpha particles movement.) 6. Click on the red/gray sphere and reset the number of protons to 60. Watch and describe how the alpha particles move in relationship to the nucleus. Make a sketch of the motion. (5 points) As I set the protons to 60 and the neutrons still at max 150, the alpha particles are repelling the force a little more so than before with a slight angle from the nucleus.
N-for nucleus, red lines are alpha particles movement 7. Now increase the number of protons to 100. Watch and describe how the alpha particles move in relationship to the nucleus. Make a sketch of the motion. (5 points) Alpha particles movements begins to slow down and completely repels from the nucleus. 8. How are the situations in #6 and #7 different? Why do you think this is? (5 points) The situations are different by showing the changes in movement in the alpha particles. It shows the difference in the charge/energy and changes in how the alpha particles respond to the changes in direction towards the nucleus. 9. What do you think is the charge of an alpha particle from this experiment? (5 points) I think the charge of the alpha particles are positive. 10. What did Rutherford prove about the atom from this experiment? (5 points) To prove the space inside of an atom is mainly empty. This also shows the size of the atom to be relevently small as well as the nucleus’ shape/size included.
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