_Infra-Red (IR)- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

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Houston Community College *

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2425

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Chemistry

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Feb 20, 2024

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Lab 1 Report : Infra-Red (IR)- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Exercises In Molecular Spectrosc opy- Structural Determination Chem 2425 Prof: Dr. Cherif
Introduction: The purpose of these two techniques is to identify an organic compound's structure. When it comes to revealing whether or not particular functional groups are present, IR ( Infrared Spectroscopy) is most helpful. When comparing samples, IR can produce a molecular fingerprint that can be utilized. Two pure samples may be considered to be the same compound if their infrared spectra match. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is used to analyze and present data regarding the structure and composition of molecules. Although each of the options is somewhat relevant, the most accurate response is that NMR spectroscopy makes it possible to identify a compound's carbon-hydrogen framework. Experiment Procedure: In this case problems 8, 9, and 10 were assigned so, use the following spectrums to identify the structure of each compound in the text or any other organic text study text.First calculate degree of unsaturation by using the following formula: 1 + c - ½ ( H-X+N). Compounds can be distinguished using IR spectroscopy according to the bond vibrations in each one. mostly done by shining a broad-spectrum light source onto the sample through an interferometer, which blocks all but a few wavelengths of light at a time. The light intensities for every interferometer setting are measured by an infrared detector. In order to find what functional groups are the spectrum showing it’s necessary to check the table and observe the absorption range which is the wavenumber, and the intensity percentage. Once the functional group was found, move to the NMR, and find each type's 1H NMR chemical shift in the spectrum. Chemical shift, which indicates a signal's location on the NMR spectrum, is measured in parts per million (ppm). It represents the electronic surrounding field of the NMR-active nuclei. Numerous elements, including hybridization, adjacent atoms, and electronegativity, affect the chemical shift. Additional information can be obtained from the shape of peaks. Broad peaks, for instance, can be a sign of dynamic molecular processes or exchangeable protons. The NMR will tell how many CH3, CH2, CH and which one is single, double, triple, quadrant, or multiple.The molecule and it will also confirm if the molecule is alcohol, alkyl, vinylic, halogen, etc. Once it was determined how many CH3, CH2, or CH are in the molecule the only thing left is to join all those molecules just like if it was a puzzle.
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