Lab_1_Delignification_of_Wood

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University of British Columbia *

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373

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Chemistry

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Oct 30, 2023

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pdf

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3

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Wood 373 1 Lab 1 Delignification of Wood Goal: During this lab, you will learn how to remove lignin from wood by sodium chlorite process. Procedure: Safety requirements: Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) of all chemicals used for information on hazards and safety precautions. When using chemicals, personal protective equipment (PPE), such as safety glasses, lab coat and chemical resistant gloves must be worn, and safety protocols must be followed. Sodium chlorite used for this experiment is highly caustic so care must be taken when handling. Acetic acid is volatile and corrosive to skin and eyes so must be used in a fume hood. Materials: sodium chlorite, anhydrous sodium acetate, acetic acid, wood panels, wood blocks. Dimension of Wood samples Longitudinal cut Panel (L) - wood dimension: 30 mm (longitudinal direction) x 30 mm (tangential direction) x 2 mm (radial direction) Wood cubes - wood dimension: 1 inch x 1 inch x 1 inch Experimental section: For each team, 4 panels and 1 cube oven-dried (105°C for 24 h) samples will be provided. Students are required to record the dimensions (length, width, and thickness) of the wood samples (using a Vernier caliper) and the weight (using a balance) to calculate the density of the wood samples. Data is to be recorded in the form provided by TA.
Wood 373 2 Prior to the bleaching process, students will prepare a buffer solution for maintaining the pH value during the bleaching process. Each group will prepare 300 mL of 0.1 M buffer solution with pH of 4.6. Preparation of the buffer will be conducted in a fume hood. Buffer : Accurately weigh 1.218 g of anhydrous sodium acetate (on weighting paper) and added into the 500 ml beaker. Using a 500 ml graduated cylinder, add 240 mL of distilled water to the sodium acetate. Place a magnetic stir bar in the beaker and place the beaker on a hotplate/stirrer plate (no heating is needed) located in the fume hood. Set the stirring speed to 500 rpm and mix until the solid dissolves completely. After complete dissolution of the sodium acetate, using a pipette, add 0.867 mL acetic acid (0.91 g based on the density of 1.049 g/cm 3 ) to solution in the beaker. [Caution: Due to the acute odor, the acetic acid should only be taken from inside the fume hood] . After stirring for 2-3 minutes, measure the pH using a pH meter. The pH of the buffer will be further adjusted to 4.6 by adding 1 N HCl (if the pH is above 4.6) or NaOH (if the pH is below 4.6) using a disposable pipette. (Be sure to add the HCl or NaOH dropwise to achieve the pH 4.6) Once the pH is stabilized, transfer the buffer solution to a graduated cylinder and then add distilled water to 300 mL. Transfer the buffer back to the 500 mL beaker. Bleaching : Prepare the bleaching solution by adding 5.625 g of sodium chlorite (80% purity) into the prepared buffer solution to achieve 1.5% sodium chlorite concentration. After complete dissolution, measure and record the pH of the solution. The sodium chlorite solution will be transferred into two 250 mL glass jars (100 mL in one jar and another 200 mL in another jar). Four pieces of the wood panel will be added into the glass jar containing 100 mL of sodium chlorite solution, and 1 wood cube will be placed into the glass jar containing 200 mL of sodium chlorite solution. A small glass beaker should be placed on top of wood samples to ensure all samples are submerged in the sodium chlorite solution. The jars will be placed in a desiccator and vacuum will be applied to evacuate the air and infiltrate the voids with the sodium chlorite solution. Make observations of what happens when the system is under vacuum. When air bubbles are no longer observed coming out of the wood, release the vacuum by turning off the vacuum valve and removing the vacuum line. Once the vacuum has been released, reattach the vacuum line and turn on the vacuum again. Repeat this step three times. The wood samples will then be placed under vacuum for another 6 hours to complete the infiltration of sodium chlorite solution in the wood samples. The infiltration process is deemed complete when wood no longer floats to the surface of the solution. During the lab, pre-infiltrated wood samples will be provided by TA to complete the bleaching process. The jars containing the wood samples in chlorite solution will be sealed with paraffin and lids and placed in a pre-heated (80 °C) water bath located in the fume hood.
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