Health and promotion assignment 1

Read and interpret the following information using the following abstract from a scientific journal article. In 2-3 sentences, summarize what you understand from this research

The citizens of the world burn the fossil fuel equivalent of 7 * 1012 kg of petroleum per year. Assume that all of this petroleum is in the form of octane (C8H18) and calculate how much CO2 (in kg) the world produces from fossil fuel combustion per year. (Hint: Begin by writing a balanced equation for the combustion of octane.) If the atmosphere currently contains approximately3 * 1015 kg of CO2, how long will it take for the world’s fossil fuel combustion to double the amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide?

From the discussion question from Module 5, recall the chemical equation for the combustion of gasoline (iso-octane, C8H18) is: 2C8H18  +  25O2  --->  16CO2 + 18H2O This means that 2 moles of iso-octane combine with 25 moles of CO2 to produce 16 moles of CO2 and 18 moles of water. This is important for understanding the impact of fossil fuel use on the atmosphere because burning one mole of fuel adds a lot of CO2. Thinking about this in terms of the stoichiometry, and change in concentration, suppose we had 1.0 mole of iso-octane dissolved in 1.0 m3 of atmosphere. That means the concentration of carbon-containing molecules would be 1 mole per cubic meter. However, ff we burned all that iso-octane and convert the C8H18 into CO2 the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increases.  How much does the concentration of carbon-containing molecules increase if 1.0 mole of C8H18 in 1.0 m3 of air is converted into CO2 as shown in the chemical equation above?

Coal-fired power plants emit CO2, which is one of the gases that is of concern with regard to global warming. A technique that power plants can adopt to keep most of the CO2 from entering the air is called CO2 capture and storage (CCS). If the incremental cost of the sequestration process is $0.019 per kilowatt-hour, what is the present worth of the extra cost over a 3-year period to a manufacturing plant that uses 100,000 kWh of power per month? The interest rate is 12% per year compounded quarterly.

reading: The accelerometer keeps track of how quickly the speed of your vehicle is changing. When your car hits another car—or wall or telephone pole or deer—the accelerometer triggers the circuit. The circuit then sends an electrical current through the heating element, which is kind of like the ones in your toaster, except it heats up a whole lot quicker. This ignites the charge which prompts a decomposition reaction that fills the deflated nylon airbag (packed in your steering column, dashboard or car door) at about 200 miles per hour. The whole process takes a mere 1/25 of a second. The bag itself has tiny holes that begin releasing the gas as soon as it’s filled. The goal is for the bag to be deflating by time your head hits it. That way it absorbs the impact, rather than your head bouncing back off the fully inflated airbag and causing you the sort of whiplash that could break your neck. Sometimes a puff of white powder comes out of the bag. That’s cornstarch or talcum powder to…

A number of companies currently lease solar panels to homeowners to offset the home’s energy use. The total energy production of a certain residential solar system in suburban Maryland was 7581.62 kWh over the last calendar year. What mass of carbon dioxide did this solar system keep out of the atmosphere during that time, assuming that the energy consumed by this home Chapter 5 Worksheet "Chapter 5 Worksheet" by Montgomery College is licensed under CC BY 4.0 would otherwise have been supplied solely by coal-burning power plants (note that this isn’t a great assumption, as Maryland also has a nuclear power plant, solar and wind farms, and Montgomery County incinerates waste to generate electricity)? Keep in mind that power plants are inefficient, and are able to convert on average 33% of the heat generated by the combustion of coal into electricity. Assume that coal can be approximated as C(s) (again, not a great assumption, but sufficient for this problem). Use the following data to…

A large population of Japanese beetles infests a plot of cropland. In response to the infesta tion, farmers treat the land with organochlorine pesticides. As a result of the treatment, the population of Japanese beetles is eradicated within the cropland, along with the popula- tions of multiple other insect species. Which of the following statements explains the most likely reason for the death of so many insect populations? Organochlorine pesticides are persistent organic pollutants that interfere with the respi- ratory system of the insect populations. Organochlorine pesticides are endocrine disruptors that interfere with the growth hor- mones of the insect populations. Organochlorine pesticides are persistent organic pollutants and interfere with the re- productive organs of the insect populations. Organochlorine pesticides are endocrine disruptors that interfere with the transmission of nerve impulses, resulting in spasms, seizures, and death of the insect populations.

5. The car you have been driving has a posted fuel consumption of 10.0 L/100 km (city) and 7.1 L/100 km (highway) according to the EnerGuide information. Overall, your actual fuel consumption has averaged 10.5 L/100 km. a) Is this better or worse than the posted fuel consumption? b) Provide three reasons why your actual fuel consumption may be different from the posted consumption. c) List three ways in which you could improve your fuel consumption (other than buying a new carl).