Group 1 - SCI1A03_F23_MRI 4-Experimental Design

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McMaster University *

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1A03

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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pdf

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Uploaded by DrHummingbird3844

Resource C – Experimental Design Worksheet Group: Student Names: By handing this in, you are stating that this was a collective group effort. Question 1. Statement of Leading Question (1 mark) From Question 4 of Resource B, where you and your group brainstormed leading questions that you could answer using the Code Red GIS website, select ONE leading question you will investigate during Tutorial C. Question 2. Proposed Alternative Hypothesis (1 mark) Given your Leading Question/Research Question, what is your Alternative Hypothesis that you will test during this mini experiment? The Alternative Hypothesis is the statement of effect, which seeks to explain a natural phenomenon. Question 3. Null Hypothesis (1 mark) The Null Hypothesis is the statement of no effect, the counterpart to your Alternative Hypothesis. Question 4. Methodology (1 mark) Why are there large differences in lung cancer incidences in different neighborhoods in Hamilton? Populations in highly urban areas of Hamilton will have greater lung cancer rates relative to populations in suburban areas of the city. There is no relation between lung cancer incidence and region/community type. Saqib Nadeem, Natasha Jaspal, Aemen Obaid, Jennifer Zhu, Ocean Mehta 1

Describe the steps that will be taken to use the Code Red GIS website to investigate your Alternative Hypothesis. Question 5. Discussion of Main Findings (1 mark) What are the results that you observed as you executed the methodology proposed? Question 6. Conclusion (1 mark) Provide a summary of your findings and whether the hypothesis was supported. Testing of the hypothesis was done using the data provided by the interactive Code Red GIS. Neighborhoods were divided into two categories: fully urban areas, which were near the heart of Hamilton’s downtown and suburban/rural areas on the outskirts of the city. This significant geographical distinction was made to ensure that the two categories are well separated. Four neighborhoods were then selected for each category, whereafter the average lung cancer incidence rate was analyzed for each category using the data associated with the color-coded mapping system. Specifically, the color red in the Code Red GIS system represents a lung cancer incidence rate per 1000 people > 25.4 – 46, the color orange representing a rate > 19.4 – 25.4. The color light green corresponded to a rate > 10.5 – 14.6, while the color dark green represents a rate from 0 – 10.5. The colors red and orange were considered a high lung cancer incidence rate while the colors light green and dark green were considered a low incidence rate. Differences between lung cancer incidences were finally examined and compared between three category levels. As observed, there is a higher lung cancer incidence rate (color red/orange) in areas like Hamilton’s Industrial Sector D, Industrial Sector A & Keith, McQuest en West, and Glenview - which are urban areas. Suburban/rural areas like Vinemount, Alberton, Stony Creek, and Binbrook have much lower lung cancer incidence rates (color dark green/light green). This suggests that urban areas increase the rate of incidence of lung cancer as compared to suburban or rural areas. Through the use of the interactive Code Red GIS, it was found that urban communities have a higher lung cancer incidence than suburban/rural communities. As a result, the findings from the research investigation supported the original hypothesis. Further research can be conducted to further identify factors in urban communities that may play a central role in increasing lung cancer incidence rates (ex. Proximity to industrial buildings/factories, working near/with carcinogens, etc). Moreover, there are many variables that can affect the rates of cancer such as lifestyle choices and education which could all be further analyzed to understand the incidence of lung cancer rates in different neighborhoods.

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