Module 1 Quiz 3

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Texas Tech University *

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EMSP23

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Chemistry

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Dec 6, 2023

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1. Afterload is defined as the: a. amount of blood pumper from the heart per contraction b. volume of blood returned to the left and right atrium c. volume of blood ejected from the hear per minute d. degree of pressure against which the left ventricle pumps Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 398 Page: 398 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 2. A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that: a. decreases heart rate b. decreases cardiac contractility c. increases the conduction of electricity d. increases heart rate Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 366 Page: 366 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 3. An abnormal whooshing sound that is heard over a main vessel and indicates turbulent blood flow is called a: a. bruit b. friction rub c. rub d. murmur Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 397 Page: 397 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
4. A(n) _____ is a substance that can absorb or donate hydrogen ions. a. ion b. acid c. base d. buffer Ahead: Chemical Level Complexity: Easy Feedback: Chemical Level, page 282 Page: 282 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 5. A pH of 7.30 indicates: a. alkalosis b. infection c. acidosis d. a neutral pH Ahead: Chemical Level Complexity: Easy Feedback: Chemical Level, page 282 Page: 282 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 6. A protein of the immune system that recognizes foreign substances is called a(n): a. pathogen b. antibody c. allergen d. antigen Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 392 Page: 392 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 7. As an electrical impulse travels down the electrical conduction system, it transiently slows at the: a. bundle of His. b. AV node c. sinoatrial node d. interatrial septum Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 400 Page: 400 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
8. Beginning with the outermost layer, the three meningeal layers of the central nervous system are the: a. pia mater, dura mater, and arachnoid b. dura mater, arachnoid, and pia mater c. dura mater, pia mater, ad arachnoid d. arachnoid, pia mater, and dura mater Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 345 Page: 345 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 9. Blood enters the right atrium of the heart from the: a. vena cava and aorta b. vena cava and coronary sinus c. pulmonary vein and aorta d. aorta and coronary sinus Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 396 Page: 396 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 10. Cardiac output is equal to: a. stroke volume multiplied by heart rate b. blood pressure multiplied by heart rate c. systole minus diastole d. heart rate minus systolic blood pressure Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 396 Page: 396 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
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11. Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves occur during: a. ventricular contraction b. ventricular relaxation c. the diastolic phase d. atrial contraction Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 395 Page: 395 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 12. Decreased levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) results in: a. anuria and diabetes mellitus b. poly and diabetes insipidus c. increased fluid retention d. oliguria and dehydration Ahead: The Endocrine System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Endocrine System, page 381 Page: 381 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 13. Decreases in the PaCO 2 result in increased pH levels in the: a. circulatory system b. reproductive system c. respiratory center d. digestive system Ahead: The Respiratory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Respiratory System, page 433 Page: 433 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 14. Dysfunction of the mitral valve may cause backflow of blood into the: a. left atrium b. right ventricle c. right atrium d. left ventricle Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 396 Page: 396 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
15. Each femoral artery supplies blood to the: a. thigh b. heart c. foot d. brain Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Moderate Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 406 Page: 406 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 16. Efferent nerves of the peripheral nervous system are responsible for: a. carrying impulses from the body of the brain b. carrying commands from the brain to the muscles c. sensations such as pain, temperature, and pressure d. involuntary functions such as breathing and heart rate Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 357 Page: 357 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 17. End-diastolic volume is primarily a reflection of: a. systemic vascular resistance b. arterial blood pressure c. contraction of the ventricles d. venous return to the heart Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 357 Page: 357 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 18. Examples of steroid hormones are: a. oxytocin and growth hormone b. norepinephrine and antidiuretic hormone c. epinephrine and prolactin d. cortisol and testosterone Ahead: The Endocrine System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Endocrine System, page 378 Page: 378 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
19. Freshly oxygenated blood is returned to the left atrium through the: a. pulmonary veins b. superior vena cava c. pulmonary arteries c. inferior vena cava Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 393 Page: 393 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 20. Glycogenolysis is the physiologic process in which: a. glycogen is converted to glucose b. the kidneys produce additional glucose c. glucose is converted to glycogen d. the pancreas secretes glycogen Ahead: The Endocrine System Complexity: Moderate Feedback: The Endocrine System, page 366 Page: 366 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 21. If too much water moves out of a cell, the cell shrinks abnormally. This process is called: a. lysis b. crenation c. pinocytosis d. endocytosis Ahead: Cellular Level Complexity: Easy Feedback: Cellular Level, page 295 Page: 295 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 22. Immediately inferior to the suprasternal (jugular) notch is the: a. manubrium b. angle of Louis c. sternal body d. xiphoid process Ahead: The Skeletal System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Skeletal System, page 327 Page: 327 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
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23. Increased myocardial contractility secondary to stretching of the myocardial walls is called the: a. Ernest-Henry effect b. Beck-Cushing reflex c. Smith-Beck mechanism d. Frank-Starling mechanism Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 398 Page: 398 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 24. In response to shock or stress, sympathetic nervous system stimulation causes: a. slowing the heart rate b. shunting of blood to the body’s periphery c. vasoconstriction d. increased gastrointestinal function Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 366 Page: 366 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 25. Insulin and glucagon are produced in specialize groups of cells in the pancreas known as the: a. medullary cortex b. adrenal medulla c. adrenal islets d. islets of Langerhans Ahead: The Endocrine System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Endocrine System, page 383 Page: 383 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
26. Molecules that bind to a receptor’s cells and trigger a response by that cell, thereby resulting in some kind of action or biologic effect, are called: a. hormones b. proteins c. agonists d. steroids Ahead: The Endocrine System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Endocrine System, page 378 Page: 378 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 27. Nicotinic receptors are found: a. inside blood vessels b. on skeletal muscle c. on the surface of the liver d. inside bronchioles Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 366 Page: 366 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 28. Normal inhalation is the result of: a. positive pressure in the thoracic cavity b. diaphragmatic relaxation c. air passively entering the lungs d. negative pressure in the thoracic cavity Ahead: The Respiratory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Respiratory System, page 424 Page: 424 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
29. Osmosis is the movement of a: a. solvent from an area of high solute concentration to one of low concentrations b. solute from an area of low solvent concentration to one of high concentration c. solute from an area of high solvent concentration to one of low concentration d. solvent from an area of low solute concentration to one of high concentration Ahead: Cellular Level Complexity: Easy Feedback: Cellular Level, page 294 Page: 294 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 30. Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveolar capillary membrane through a process called: a. perfusion b. osmosis c. metabolism d. diffusion Ahead: The Respiratory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Respiratory System, page 425 Page: 425 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 31. Phagocytosis is the process by which: a. monocytes digest microbes b. microbes destroy monocytes c. phagocytes are destroyed d. phagocytes are produced Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 390 Page: 390 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 32. Severe injuries to the liver are life threatening because it is: a. poorly protected by the rib cage b. highly vascular and very fragile c. avascular and relatively small d. normally enlarged in most people Ahead: The Digestive System Complexity: Moderate Feedback: The Digestive System, page 443 Page: 443 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
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33. Small units of an element that vary in size and weight are called: a. electrons b. molecules c. isotopes d. atoms Ahead: Chemical Level Complexity: Easy Feedback: Chemical Level, page 272 Page: 272 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 34. Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors of the sympathetic nervous system results in: a. tachycardia b. bronchodilation c. vasoconstriction d. vasodilation Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 381 Page: 381 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 35. The atrioventricular valves of the heart include the: a. tricuspid and pulmonic valves b. mitral and aortic valves c. tricuspid and mitral valve d. bicuspid and aortic valves Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 395 Page: 395 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
36. The basic cellular unit of nervous tissue that responds to environmental changes by transmitting impulses is the: a. neuroglia b. axon c. neuron d. dendrite Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 76 Page: 76 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 37. The body’s ability to spontaneously cease bleeding is called: a. hemostasis b. homeostasis c. thrombolysis d. fibrinolysis Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 391 Page: 391 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 38. The catecholamine epinephrine (adrenaline) has an affinity for: a. alpha-1 receptors only b. beta-1 receptors only c. alpha-1 and beta-2 receptors d. alpha and beta receptors Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 368 Page: 364 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
39. The cell membrane is selectively permeable, which means that it: a. only allows sodium and chloride to pass through it. b. allows only certain substances to pass through it c. only allows potassium and calcium to pass through it d. will allow any substances to readily pass through it Ahead: Cellular Level Complexity: Easy Feedback: Cellular Level, page 294 Page: 294 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 40. The diencephalon contains which of the following structures? a. medulla and thalamus b. cerebellum and pons c. thalamus and hypothalamus d. Pons and medulla Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 346 Page: 346 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 41. The epiglottis can be described as: a. a flap that covers the trachea during swallowing b. cartilage that is inferior to the glottis and keeps the esophagus open c. a ligament that attaches the vocal cords to the glottic opening d. cartilage that closes the esophagus during breathing Ahead: The Respiratory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Respiratory System, page 417 Page: 417 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 42. The first and second cervical vertebrae are called the: a. dens and atlas b. axis and dens c. atlas and axis d. odontoid and axis Ahead: The Skeletal System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Skeletal System, page 325 Page: 325 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
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43. The formation of glucose in the liver is called: a. glycolysis b. gluconeogenesis c. glucagon synthesis d. glycogenolysis Ahead: The Endocrine System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Endocrine System, page 384 Page: 384 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 44. The gap that lies between each nerve cell is called the: a. vesicle b. terminal c. synapse d. cleft Ahead: The Nervous System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Nervous System, page 343 Page: 343 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 45. The growth plate of a bone is also called the: a. epiphyseal plate b. diaphyseal plate c. metaphysical plate d. cribriform plate Ahead: The Skeletal System Complexity: Moderate Feedback: The Skeletal System, page 313 Page: 313 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 46. The heart muscle lies within a space in the thoracic cavity called the: a. endocardium b. pericardium c. mediastinum d. hemithorax Ahead: The Skeletal System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Skeletal System, page 327 Page: 327 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology
47. The heart’s primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium, is the: a. bundle of His b. AV node c. AV junction d. SA node Ahead: The Circulatory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Circulatory System, page 400 Page: 400 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 48. The hormones thyroxine and triiodothyronine are synthesized by the: a. parathyroid glands b. pituitary gland c. adrenal glands d. thyroid gland Ahead: The Endocrine System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Endocrine System, page 382 Page: 382 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 49. The hypoxic drive is stimulated when: a. arterial PaO 2 levels increase b. arterial PaCO 2 levels increase c. arterial PaCO 2 levels decrease d. arterial PaO 2 levels decrease Ahead: The Respiratory System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Respiratory System, page 432 Page: 432 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology 50. The ilium is defined as the: a. structure that overlies the bladder b. ligament that overlies the femoral vessels c. lower portion of the small intestine d. bony prominences of the pelvis Ahead: The Skeletal System Complexity: Easy Feedback: The Skeletal System, page 330 Page: 330 Subject: Chapter 08 Title: Anatomy and Physiology