Solutions and Concentrations Worksheet

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University of Notre Dame *

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30341

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Chemistry

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Apr 3, 2024

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BIOL3111L Solutions and Concentrations Remember: Molarity (M) = moles/L % solution = g/100mL 1. Put 20 mL of water into a 100 mL graduated cylinder. Add 3g salt. Cover with parafilm and mix until the salt dissolves. a. What is the final volume of the solution? __ 21mL ______ higher volume b. How should you take this into consideration when making solutions? it’s going to increase volume so you would want to start with a lower volume and then once the salt is added then you would need to top it off with the desired volume.* You might want to use larger glassware; *change amount of concentration; c. What is the concentration of the salt solution (show calculations)? **Need to know the molecular weight of the solute- 58g/mol Molarity is 1 mol per 58 grams. Moles/L [3g NaCl/21 mL]x[1mol/58g NaCl]x[1000mL/1L]= 2.46mol/L 2. Describe how you would create a 1M glucose solution. **g/L 180 g/mol= 1mol/180g glucose 1M=(180g/mol) x (1mol/L)=180g/L 3. Create10 mL of a 10% Kool Aid solution ( SOLUTION A ) a. Describe your work **10 ml is final volume – how much kool aid need to add- %=g/100mL 10% kool aid solution of= 10g/100mL=x/10mL x=1g collect 1 gram of kool aid and put it in 10mL volume 4. Make 10 mL of a 1:10 dilution of solution A. ( SOLUTION B ) a. Describe your work. 1 part of solution + 9 parts of DI water 1mL of solution A + 9mL of DI water to yield 10mL 1mL=1000microL b. What is the concentration of solution B (show calculations)? We would need to find this in percentage Concentration of solution A/ the dilution factor 10%/10= 1% 5. Make 10 mL of a 1:100 dilution of solution B ( SOLUTION C ). a. Describe your work. 100 mL – 1mL=99mL 1
[1mL kool aid/100mL h2O]=[x/10mL H2O] x=0.1 mL=100 microL Need to add 9.9 water -> 10-0.1=9.9mL H2O b. What is the concentration of solution C (show calculations)? 1%/100dilution factor= 0.01% 6. Combine 5 mL of solution A and 5 mL of solution B ( SOLUTION D ). a. What is the concentration of solution D (show calculations)? In percentage –> 5mL solution A= 5mL [1g/10mL]=0.5 g 5mL solution B= 5mL[0.1g/10mL]=0.05g [0.5g+0.05g]/10mL=0.55/10mL=5.5% 7. Observe the colors of all 4 solutions. Turn on the Spec 20 if it is not already on and set the wavelength to 660nm (it will warm up while you’re making your observations). a. Describe what you see. Solution A Solution B Solution C Solution D Solution A=.155 dark hot pink Solution B=.04 light pink Solution C=0.025 almost clear Solution D=0.096 hot pink A, has the highest concentration- highest absorption value D second highest absorption b. Relate what you see to the concentrations of the solutions. As the concentration increases so does the absorption values c. Label cuvettes near the top of the tube with “B” for blank and A through D for Kool Aid solutions. Wipe the outside of the cuvettes clean with a kimwipe. Blank the spectrophotometer with the cuvette labeled “B”. Read the absorbance of tubes A-D. Record your data. 8. Explain the difference between a 10% solution of glucose and a 0.1M solution of glucose. Which contains more glucose? Explain your reasoning and show your work. 10% solution of glucose means 10g of glucose / 100 mL 0.1 M solution of glucose indicates 0.1 moles / 1 L 2
10% solution of glucose would be greater than .1M—you would need to find the molarity of the solution 9. For a 500 mL solution containing 80g of C 2 H 4 O 2 calculate the following: a. Molarity M= [80/60][1000/500]=2.66M b. Concentration as a weight per volume%. Wpv= [2.66x60]/10=16% 10. Beyond the differences in molecular mass, what is different about determining the molarity of a solution containing a salt (e.g. NaCl, MgCl 2 ) versus a covalently linked molecule (e.g. glucose)? For covalent ions there is no separation or it cannot be dissolved in water as opposed to a solution that has salt may be easily dissolvable. 3
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