paper chromatography lab
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Seattle Central College *
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Subject
Chemistry
Date
Apr 3, 2024
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Pages
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Uploaded by DrAtomBison13
Paper Chromatography
Purpose/Question
To observe differences in the properties of substances to determine if they can be separated.
Prelab questions
Using the viscosities reported in the previous table, predict which solvent would travel
through the chromatography paper the fastest when the edge of a 2-cm wide trip of chromatography
paper was dipped in solvent, one solvent per paper. Explain.
Given the viscosities, I predict water will travel the quickest, because if viscosity is the measurement of
how easily a substance moves, then a substance like glycerin will have a low viscosity, while a substance
like water will move at a quicker rate, therefore having a higher viscosity.
Suggest a chemistry-based reason why she opted for the pencil.
Pencils use graphite, which, compared with pen ink’s molecular mass, has a low molecular mass. This
makes it easier for the solute to be separated and observed due to its higher energy and quicker
movement.
Explain why Kim as able to observe the two solutes in the second chromatogram, but not the
first.
The second chromatography yielded better results because the additional solution allowed for the
distilled water to carry the solutes higher into the surface of the paper, resulting in Kim being able to
observe the solute compounds more easily.
Based on Kim’s observation and the mass data, state which solute moved faster (went further
in the same amount of time). How well did the data support the claim that mass affects the
ability of solutes to separate?
The copper nitrate will move faster because of its smaller molecular mass. Bromephenol blue had a
larger molecular mass, leading to its slower movement.
Suppose the green food color consisted of two dyes. Describe what Kim would observe in the
dried chromatogram above the pencil spot on which the green food color was placed.
She’d observe a separation in the food’s coloring. The different substances would have different
viscosities, meaning that they go through the paper at different rates.
What differences in the chromatograms might Kim observe, as a result of changing the solvent
from water (Pre-Lab 5) to isopropyl alcohol (Pre-Lab 6)?
Kim might observe lower molecular motion as the substance goes through the paper than in the second
trial because the viscosity of the water is lower, leading to it moving faster.
Why was it important to measure to the top of the streak every time?
Because parts of the streaks aren’t visible (the color might not have formed). If the solute moves up the
paper, the starting point will be different, leading to the colors becoming more visible.
Hypothesis
If I use different solutions, then they will travel through the paper at different speeds that are
proportionate with their molecular mass.
Materials/Equipment
Bromophenol Blue
Copper Nitrate
Reaction Plate
Pipette
Chromatography paper
150 mL beaker
Food coloring
Vegetable oil
Ink
Procedure
First, I combined bromophenol blue and copper nitrate in a reaction plate to make a solution,
mixing thoroughly. Then I used a pipette to collect my solution and put a drop of it on my
chromatography paper. I waited till this dried, and then I rolled up my chromatography paper
and put it in my 150 mL beaker, making sure the marked side faced downwards. Then I observed
the solutions as they moved up the paper, and repeated the process.
Conclusion
Yes - as the substance with the lowest molecular weight, water traveled the fastest toward the
paper.
Post lab questions
The first question had me make a diagram, which is pictured in the scanned pages.
2. A Sample known to contain two components showed only one spot, with Rf = 0.05, when a
chromatogram was made using water as the solvent. Suggest a modification to the procedure that
may result in a better separation of the two components.
A modification that could yield better separation would be repeating the experiment one more time with
a solvent that has a lower polarity.
3. The food coloring mixture is made up of three substances which are listed in the table below. What
was the sequence of colors that you saw on the papers for each solvent?
Water - red, yellow, blue
Alcohol - yellow, red, blue
4. Why do you think the separated dye spots in the chromatogram had different lengths?
The separated dye spots most likely had different lengths due to the differences in molar masses. The
lowest molar mass traveled the farthest and made the smallest dye stain, while the largest made the
biggest.
5. Answer the following questions as you think about the interactions between carrier solutions and
components to be separated using chromatography.
What carrier solutions might work well to separate newspaper inks? Why?
Alcohol, since it dissolves well.
What carrier solution might work to separate different salts? Why?
Water, because salts are water-soluble.
What carrier solution might work to separate different fatty acids? Why?
Oils are good carrier solutions for fatty acids because their similar solutes are good solvents. They’re also
hydrophobic.
Communicate results
This will be done when you turn in your lab report.
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Related Questions
Hi! This is a set of three multiple choice questions. Hope you can answer them all. Thank u~
arrow_forward
Why viscosity of fluid affect the capillarity height?
arrow_forward
PAPER CROMATOGRAPHY
• Define chromatography
• Demonstrate an understanding of the process of
chromatography
• Describe the steps involved in a chromatography
investigation
Explanation
Coloured inks are often made up of several different inks.
Each colour of ink will get carried a different distance by the
water, allowing you to see all of the different inks. Try this with
different colours to see what actually goes into a colour. This
technique is called chromatography and can be used in
chemistry to find out what is in an unknown mixture.
II. Materials
.Felt tip pens (non-washable)
. Kitchen roll
.A bowl or cup
. Water
• Scissors
III. Health and safety
• Make sure that you thoroughly clean any equipment after the
experiment before using for food
IV. Procedure
Method 1
1. Take a sheet of kitchen roll and draw a simple picture with a
non-washable felt tip pen.
2. Place the sheet over an empty bowl. This is to keep the paper
from getting too wet.
3. Carefully add a few drops of water…
arrow_forward
Explain the difference between constant rate filtration and constant pressure difference filtration using mathematics and examples. When might either of these procedures be used in conjunction with filtration?
arrow_forward
In which option is the order showing whether the questions given below are true or false?
( ) Airborne humectants are generally called hygroscopic substances.
( ) Removing water from solids can be done by heating your sample in the oven just below its melting point.
( ) Drying capacity is a measure of the drying efficiency of the dryer.
( ) Drying intensity is the amount of water held by 100 grams of dryer.
( ) For the phenomenon called "blooming" to occur, the vapor pressure of the hydrate system must be higher than the partial pressure of water in the air.
A. Right, Wrong, Right, Wrong, RightB.Right, Right, Wrong, Wrong, RightC.Right, Wrong, Wrong, Wrong, RightD. Right, Wrong, Wrong, Right, RightE.Right, Right, Wrong, Wrong, Right
arrow_forward
Which technique is based on the stronger attractionsome components have for the stationary phasecompared to the mobile phase?
A. filtration D. chromatographyB. distillation E. sublimationC. crystallization
arrow_forward
The following data apply to a 1g sample of a granular powder
Volume of the solid alone = 1 cm3/2g
Volume of intraparticle pores = 0.2 cm3/1g
Volume of spaces between particles = 3.2 cm3/2g
Volume after tapping = 1.4 cm3/1g
What is the bulk volume?
arrow_forward
Can paper chromatography be used to separate and identify very volatile substances? Why? Please explain comprehensively.
arrow_forward
1. In thin layer chromatography (TLC), explain how the pigments separate on a piece of paper.
2. If the spots are colorless on a TLC plate, how can you make it visible? Enumerate 2 ways and discuss each.
arrow_forward
To prepare 5 ml of an eyedrop solution to 10 cps by mixing glycine and water,,................ml of glycerin is needed.(pure glycerin viscosity 500 cps, water viscosity 1cps).
arrow_forward
Filtration of samples A, B, and C show no residue left. After letting them dry in different beakers, SAmple A remains no residues. Sample B shows crystal leftovers, and sample C show brown film on the beaker walls. This means that:
a. Two or more samples are heterogenous
b. Two or more samples are homogenous
c. all sample have 2 or more phases
d. all samples are pure
arrow_forward
You are given three unknown samples stored in screw-cappedcontainers and was told to analyse them. You noted that Container A iscloudy and have some particles that are staying near the bottom of thecontainer. Container B is translucent while Container C is transparent. If thecontents of Container A can be separated by simple decantation,what isthe particle size that BEST describes its composition?i. <1 nmii. 1 nmiii. 1 nm-100 nmiv. >1000 nm
arrow_forward
Which of the following can be used as mobile phase in chromatography?
A) Нехаne
B) Sand
C) Acetyl Ferrocene
D) Alumina
OB
OD
Ferrocene and acetyl ferrocene can be separated by column chromatography. - Which physical
property is underlying concept for this separation process?
A) Boiling point
B) Melting point
C) Relative polarity
D) Refractive index
O A
ов
D.
arrow_forward
Chromatography involves the separation of two or more compounds/ions caused by their molecular interactions with two phases. True False
arrow_forward
What is the standard value/limit/range of viscosity used as a reference when determining the viscosity of syrup? (Based
on United States Pharmacopoeia and British Pharmacopoeia)
arrow_forward
Can paper chromatography be used to separate and identify very volatile substances? How do I prove this.
arrow_forward
need all parts in detail
don't copy or else I will downvote
need explanation y other options are incorrect
arrow_forward
What do you mean by Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC)?
arrow_forward
1. A 25-mL specific gravity bottle was found to weigh 46.05 g when filled with water, and 52.93 g when filled with the ophthalmic solution. If the empty specific gravity bottle weighs 21.04 g, what is the specific gravity of the ophthalmic solution?
a
0.784
b
0.870
c
1.149
d
1.275
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vo/index.html?deploymentld=55750828934189288909969212&elSBN=9781305657571&snapshotld%3D2199898&id31...
O Tp *
NDTAP
Q Search this
Use the References to access important values if needed for this question.
Trisilane (SiąHg) is a liquid with a density of 0.739 g cm³. It reacts with oxygen to give silicon dioxide (SiO2) and water. Calculate the mass of silicon
dioxide that would form if 21.3 cm³ of trisilane reacted completely with excess oxygen.
g silicon dioxide
* Submit Answer
5 question attempts remaining
arrow_forward
Why in microstructure visualization etchants are used? Explain
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i need help solving this step by step with all the calculations
Below is a set of absorbance data that you have obtained while doing an experiment studying the diffusion of potassium permanganate into solutions of water.
This diffusion experiment was conducted at three temperatures.
I need help to Calculate the diffusion rates for each of these temperature conditions.
Time (min)
4°C
22°C
37°C
0
0.024
0.108
0.081
5
0.048
0.144
0.221
10
0.069
0.196
0.321
15
0.088
0.224
0.424
20
0.086
0.234
0.580
25
0.089
0.248
0.683
Once you calculate your diffusion rates
in standard notation and use 3 digits past the decimal point (Note that the last zero is considered to be a digit)
Diffusion Rate 4°C = __________________
Diffusion Rate 22°C = _________________
Diffusion Rate 37°C = _________________
To show how you calculated the diffusion rates for these temperature - What absorbance values did you choose to…
arrow_forward
Why is it better to use 10.0mL or greater of a liquid in measuring its density?
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In reference to surface chemistry, define dialysis.
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why is a fractionating column better able to separate liquids?
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Is 10 ppm 400% less than 50 ppm?
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Hint: You won't be able to tell exactly when the substance melts. You don't need to have exact measurements, just try to get an
approximate value.
Row Name
melting temp
°C
variable
1
CuCI
2
Sucrose
KI
...
4.
lodine
...
...
arrow_forward
Use a chemical dictionary, chemical text or encyclopedia to find a specific definition of
"chromatography." List a few mobile and stationary phases.
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
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Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
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ISBN:9781305264434
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Related Questions
- Hi! This is a set of three multiple choice questions. Hope you can answer them all. Thank u~arrow_forwardWhy viscosity of fluid affect the capillarity height?arrow_forwardPAPER CROMATOGRAPHY • Define chromatography • Demonstrate an understanding of the process of chromatography • Describe the steps involved in a chromatography investigation Explanation Coloured inks are often made up of several different inks. Each colour of ink will get carried a different distance by the water, allowing you to see all of the different inks. Try this with different colours to see what actually goes into a colour. This technique is called chromatography and can be used in chemistry to find out what is in an unknown mixture. II. Materials .Felt tip pens (non-washable) . Kitchen roll .A bowl or cup . Water • Scissors III. Health and safety • Make sure that you thoroughly clean any equipment after the experiment before using for food IV. Procedure Method 1 1. Take a sheet of kitchen roll and draw a simple picture with a non-washable felt tip pen. 2. Place the sheet over an empty bowl. This is to keep the paper from getting too wet. 3. Carefully add a few drops of water…arrow_forward
- Explain the difference between constant rate filtration and constant pressure difference filtration using mathematics and examples. When might either of these procedures be used in conjunction with filtration?arrow_forwardIn which option is the order showing whether the questions given below are true or false? ( ) Airborne humectants are generally called hygroscopic substances. ( ) Removing water from solids can be done by heating your sample in the oven just below its melting point. ( ) Drying capacity is a measure of the drying efficiency of the dryer. ( ) Drying intensity is the amount of water held by 100 grams of dryer. ( ) For the phenomenon called "blooming" to occur, the vapor pressure of the hydrate system must be higher than the partial pressure of water in the air. A. Right, Wrong, Right, Wrong, RightB.Right, Right, Wrong, Wrong, RightC.Right, Wrong, Wrong, Wrong, RightD. Right, Wrong, Wrong, Right, RightE.Right, Right, Wrong, Wrong, Rightarrow_forwardWhich technique is based on the stronger attractionsome components have for the stationary phasecompared to the mobile phase? A. filtration D. chromatographyB. distillation E. sublimationC. crystallizationarrow_forward
- The following data apply to a 1g sample of a granular powder Volume of the solid alone = 1 cm3/2g Volume of intraparticle pores = 0.2 cm3/1g Volume of spaces between particles = 3.2 cm3/2g Volume after tapping = 1.4 cm3/1g What is the bulk volume?arrow_forwardCan paper chromatography be used to separate and identify very volatile substances? Why? Please explain comprehensively.arrow_forward1. In thin layer chromatography (TLC), explain how the pigments separate on a piece of paper. 2. If the spots are colorless on a TLC plate, how can you make it visible? Enumerate 2 ways and discuss each.arrow_forward
- To prepare 5 ml of an eyedrop solution to 10 cps by mixing glycine and water,,................ml of glycerin is needed.(pure glycerin viscosity 500 cps, water viscosity 1cps).arrow_forwardFiltration of samples A, B, and C show no residue left. After letting them dry in different beakers, SAmple A remains no residues. Sample B shows crystal leftovers, and sample C show brown film on the beaker walls. This means that: a. Two or more samples are heterogenous b. Two or more samples are homogenous c. all sample have 2 or more phases d. all samples are purearrow_forwardYou are given three unknown samples stored in screw-cappedcontainers and was told to analyse them. You noted that Container A iscloudy and have some particles that are staying near the bottom of thecontainer. Container B is translucent while Container C is transparent. If thecontents of Container A can be separated by simple decantation,what isthe particle size that BEST describes its composition?i. <1 nmii. 1 nmiii. 1 nm-100 nmiv. >1000 nmarrow_forward
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Chemical Principles in the LaboratoryChemistryISBN:9781305264434Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert RossiPublisher:Brooks Cole
Chemical Principles in the Laboratory
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305264434
Author:Emil Slowinski, Wayne C. Wolsey, Robert Rossi
Publisher:Brooks Cole