Shedricka Murphy Curtis Organ Chem 236 Individual Writing

b) Will the sample be contaminated with any of the impurities? Calculate the percent purity of the initial sample (in terms of compound A) - ( i.e. express the amount of compound A in the initial sample as a percentage of the mass of initial sample). Calculate the percent purity of the final sample (in terms of compound A) - (i.e. express the amount of compound A in the final sample as a percentage of the mass of final sample). Did the recrystallization procedure result in an increase of the percent purity of compound A in the sample? Comment on the results.

2. An impure sample of compound D is contaminated with a number of impurities. The sample is to be purified by recrystallization. The solubility properties of three potential solvents are summarized below. Choose the best solvent and explain your answer. Include comments on each of the three solvents. Solubility of D at the boiling point Solubility of D at - 0°C of the solvent Solvent X 0.08g/mL 0.06 g/mL Solvent Y 0.67 g/mL 0.59 g/mL Solvent Z 0.63 g/mL 0.12 g/mL

Table 1. Solubility Tests. Functional Group Observations (specify type if any) Sample in concentrated (+/-) H2SO4 Color orange Hydroxyl group Hydroxyl group Hydroxyl group 1-butanol Color orange 2-butanol Color orange diisopropyl ether Look at the structures of compounds tested for solubility in concentrated H2SO4. What generalization can be made for a substance to be soluble in concentrated H2SO4 ?

1. explain the volatility of oil and compare it to water 2. What is an effective way of preventing irregular ebullition or bumping of the mixture during distillation?  3. Which is more efficient for separating the components of a liquid mixture of a liquid mixture, simple or fractional distillation? Why?

A group was given the responsibility of performing a recrystallization experiment in their laboratory to see if the three newly found solvents could purify and separate a mixture including compounds A and B. The following are the solubilities of the two compounds in g/100 mL of hot and cold solvents: Solubility in g/100 mL solvent             A     B   Solvent Hot Cold   Hot Cold 1 4.60 1.10   5.30 1.90 2 6.40 5.80   8.40 1.10 3 9.70 3.30   6.80 1.70    What is the %recovery and %purity of  A and B in the chosen solvent? Show solutions pls

Students were tasked to conduct a recrystallization experiment to test the ability of the newly discovered solvents in their laboratory to purify and separate a mixture containing compounds X and Y. The solubility of the two compounds in g/50 mL of hot and cold solvents are given by the photo.

Suppose that you have a 1:1 mixture of compounds that is comprised of compound X and compound Y. You desire pure compound X and are planning a recrystallization to enhance the purity. Which solvent below is optimal for your recrystallization?      Ethanol (boiling point = 78 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 100  °C Compound X 0.05 g/mL 0.20 g/mL Compound Y 0.02 g/mL 0.40 g/mL           Water (boiling point = 100 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 100  °C Compound X 0.02 g/mL 0.05 g/mL Compound Y 0.01 g/mL 0.10 g/mL           Methanol (boiling point = 65 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 65  °C Compound X 0.04 g/mL 0.10 g/mL Compound Y 0.02 g/mL 0.30 g/mL         Acetone (boiling point = 56 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 56  °C Compound X 0.10 g/mL 0.50 g/mL Compound Y 0.20 g/mL 0.50 g/mL         Ethyl Acetate (boiling point = 77 °C)   Solubility At   0  °C 77  °C Compound X 0.10 g/mL 0.60 g/mL Compound Y 0.30 g/mL 0.60…

The position of the phases in the separatory funnel (whether the top or bottom phase) is dependent on the relative densities of the solvents. Complete table 1 to indicate whether each of the solvents will be on the top or bottom layer. Table 1. Solubility properties of common organic solvents. Solubility in H20 (g/L, 20-25°C) 9.5 x 10-3 1.79 8.09 17.5 Solubility of H20 (g/L, 20-25°C) 0.31 Phase layer Density (g/mL, 25°C) 0.661 Liquid hexane benzene chloroform 0.76 0.87 1.76 15 170 0.877 dichloromethane diethyl ether 1-butanol 60.5 73 0.3 1.489 1.327 0.713 0.81 0.83 1-octanol 49 ethyl acetate 83 33 0.902

A good recrystallization solvent is one in which the crystals don't dissolve when the solvent is cold but dissolve when the solvent is hot. Using your general knowledge about solubilities, explain why recrystallization works as a purification technique?

Discuss some applications of simple distillation and steam distillation. Explain why you can use each method for the chosen application

This method of purification is applied when the purity has a lower vapor pressure than the purified sublimation O recrystallization distillation O extraction

What physical property is used to determine what components will separate out during the process of fractional distillation

Why do two layers form when solutions containing water are added to the extracted dichloromethane (CH2CI-2) solution?

Differentiate between simple distillation and fractional distillation. Please elaborate.

What is fractional distillation and distillation with the use of a fractionating column; how it is performed, what is the theory behind it?

What are the differences between a simple distillation and steam distillation?

How do fill in the Flow Diagram for the Mixtures using the information presented?

Why is fractional distillation more efficient than simple distillation when purifying liquid mixtures?

2. When performing the recrystallization of an impure solid, why is it advised to use the minimal amount of solvent possible? Group of answer choices To minimize the amount of pure solid lost due to its solubility. To minimize the cost of the recrystallization. To reduce the time needed to filter the pure solid from the solvent after recrystallization. To minimize the amount of hazardous materials used.

What are the important solubility characteristics for a solvent for crystallization of an organic solid that is contaminated with a small amount of impurity?

Using recrystallization techniques, a student attempts to purify 0.50 g of compound H. Based on the solubility of H in the chosen solvent at collection temperature, the maximum percent recovery is 82%. The student obtains 0.396 g of purified crystals. What is their percent recovery? Group of answer choices 41% 64% 79% 82% 97% none of these

22. Why is the "boiling chips" used in the process of distillation? * To get the stable bolling point temperature of the mixture. To avoid the bumping of molecules of the compound mixture. To distill the components of the mixture at the atmospheric temperature.

What is another factor that can influence fractional distillation’s success other than the number of theoretical plates?

Explain the principle behind vacuum distillation.

is a method of purifying a compound by removing any impurities that might be mixed with it. It is often used as a final clean-up step, after other methods that are effective at removing larger amounts of 31. impurities, but that do not raise the purity of the final compound to a sufficiently high level. * Sublimation Recrystallization O Decolorization

Distillation is a physical process of separation of liquids that differ in what physical property?   Freezing point   Degree of size   Solubility   Melting Point   Boiling point