Chapter 08
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Chapter 08 Assignment
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Chapter 08 Assignment
Due: 12:00am on Tuesday, December 12, 2023
You will receive no credit for items you complete after the assignment is due. Grading Policy
Chapter 8 Reading Question 2
Part A
Below is information relating atmospheric pressure to altitude relative to sea level:
The atmospheric pressure at sea level is 760 mmHg. The atmospheric pressure of the Dead Sea (0.40 km below sea level) is 800 mmHg.
The atmospheric pressure of Los Angeles (0.09 km above sea level) is 752 mmHg.
The atmospheric pressure of Mount Whitney (4.50 km above sea level) is 440 mmHg
Based on the information above, which location would have the highest atmospheric pressure? Hint 1. Definition of atmospheric pressure.
Pressure is force/area and can be measured using several different units. These include atm, mmHg, torr, and Pa. Atmospheric pressure is the
pressure exerted on us due to the gas molecules in our atmosphere, and varies with altitude. See Section 8.1. ANSWER:
Correct
Chapter 8 Reading Question 1
Part A
Which of the following describes the properties of a gas based on the kinetic molecular theory of gases? Hint 1. The kinetic molecular theory of gases.
The kinetic molecular theory of gases helps explain behaviors of a gas including movement, volume, and pressure. See Section 8.1. ANSWER:
Correct
Mauna Kea, HI (4205 m above sea level) New Orleans, LA (2 m below sea level) San Diego, CA (at sea level) Memphis, TN (59 m above sea level) At higher temperatures, gas particles hit the walls of the container with less force, producing a lower pressure. Gas molecules move in an organized pattern at slow speeds. The actual volume occupied by gas molecules is extremely small compared to the volume that the gas occupies. The attractive forces between the particles of a gas are quite strong.
12/11/23, 11:56 PM
Chapter 08 Assignment
https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11885472
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Interactive Video Quiz: Kinetic Molecular Theory
First, launch the video below. During the video, you’ll be asked a conceptual question about the example. After watching the video, answer the related questions
at the right. You can watch the video again at any point to review.
Part A
Which of the following is NOT part of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases?
Hint 1. HINT
What are the five assumptions (or ideas) of the kinetic-molecular theory?
ANSWER:
Correct
Part B
In the kinetic-molecular theory of gases, the assumption is made that gas molecules________.
Hint 1. HINT
What are the postulates (ideas) of the kinetic-molecular theory?
ANSWER:
There is very little empty space in a gas.
Gas particles move very rapidly.
A gas is composed of very small particles.
Gas particles do not attract or repel one another.
are close together in their container
move with a kinetic energy equal to their Kelvin temperature
are attracted to each other by strong forces
move rapidly in random directions
12/11/23, 11:56 PM
Chapter 08 Assignment
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Correct
Part C
In the kinetic-molecular theory of gases, at high temperatures, particles of a gas tend to move _________ and collisions between them are ______.
Hint 1. HINT
Review the kinetic-molecular theory of gases; What does it say about energy and movement and collisions of molecules?
ANSWER:
Correct
Chapter 8 Reading Question 3
Part A
Based on Boyle's law, what will happen to the volume of a balloon if the pressure is increased at a constant temperature? Hint 1. Definition of Boyle's law.
Boyle's law states that the volume of a gas changes inversely with the pressure of a change as long as there is no change in the temperature or the
amount of a gas. See Section 8.2.
ANSWER:
Correct
Problem-Solving Strategies: Guide to Using the Gas Laws
Learning Goal:
Develop problem-solving skills using pressure-volume relationships and Boyle’s Law.
Solving problems with gas laws
You can solve many gas-law problems using these basic problem-solving steps:
slowly; elastic
slowly; rare
rapidly; rare
rapidly; elastic
Numerical values for the initial volume, initial pressure, and final pressure must be known to answer this question. volume decreases volume stays the same volume increases
12/11/23, 11:56 PM
Chapter 08 Assignment
https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11885472
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1. Organize the data for initial and final conditions. You may want to use a table.
2. Rearrange the gas law equation to solve for any unknown quantities.
3. Substitute values into the gas law equation and then calculate.
Manipulating gas laws
Unlike liquids and solids, gases completely fill any container they are placed in and the collisions of gas molecules with the container walls lead to a pressure
exerted on the container. Boyle’s Law describes the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas when temperature is constant. Boyle
observed that when the volume of a container of gas is increased, the pressure decreases; similarly when the volume is decreased, the pressure is increases.
These observations can be written mathematically as
where the subscripts 1 and 2 are used to denote, respectively, the initial and final states of the system.
The relationship between the pressure and volume of a sample of gas has many profound, practical implications. Boyle’s Law helps to describe everything from
balloons to breathing, from soda cans to syringes.
The goal of this tutorial is to help you become comfortable with problem-solving methods that you can apply to a variety of problems in this course. You will
learn to organize the data given in the problem, rearrange equations to solve for an unknown, and substitute values into the equation to calculate a numerical
answer. It is essential that you work through and understand all three parts of this method; the most common mistakes are made by students who try to skip
straight to calculating a number without giving appropriate attention to organizing their data and setting up the correct equation.
Part A - Organize the data
Since volume and pressure are inversely related, we can make some assumptions about initial and final states using the data provided. We can also
identify initial and final states by finding trigger words in the language of the problem. Look for words like “first,” “initially,” or “originally” to describe initial
states and “result” or “after” for final states.
What volume would a sample of helium occupy at 5.0 if the helium was initially compressed in a 1.0 tank at 20. at constant temperature?
Organize your data into the table to help analyze the problem. Leave blank any boxes for which you do not have information.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
Hint 1. Identify the initial conditions
The first step for solving a word problem is to state the given and needed quantities. Look for words like “initially” or “originally” to describe initial
states and “result” or “after” for final states.
Identify the initial state
in the problem by looking for trigger words.
ANSWER:
Hint 2. Identify how known quantities change
Once you’ve identified the initial and final conditions, you should take stock of what you know about the problem. In this problem, we know that the
pressure of the helium was initially 20. and it is now 5.0 . Given only this information, what must have happened to the helium in the tank?
ANSWER:
a 1.0 tank at 5.0 a sample of helium at 5.0 a 1.0 tank at 20. a sample of helium at 20. Volume decreased
Pressure increased
Volume increased
Pressure decreased
12/11/23, 11:56 PM
Chapter 08 Assignment
https://session.masteringchemistry.com/myct/assignmentPrintView?assignmentID=11885472
5/18
Correct
You know the pressure of the gas decreased by analyzing the numerical values and 5.0 . Since the main part
told you that temperature is constant, you can use Boyle's law to qualitatively determine that volume must increase.
ANSWER:
Correct
Organizing your data and correctly identifying the initial states and final states makes problem solving easier. Using a chart can help you quickly
understand what you know, what you can assume, and what is unknown.
Part B - Practice the steps for a one-step problem
Once you’ve identified the initial and final conditions, you’re ready to solve for the unknown quantity in your problem. Boyle’s Law expresses the pressure-
volume relationship as , so you will need to solve this equation for the unknown quantity and then plug in your known values to calculate the
unknown.
What pressure would it take to compress 350. of helium gas initially at 1.00 into a 2.00 tank at constant temperature?
Express your answer with the appropriate units.
Hint 1. Organize the data
The first step in solving a gas law problem is to organize the data. Generally, a table is the best way to keep track of initial and final conditions.
Create a table to organize the data in this problem.
Drag the appropriate labels to their respective targets.
ANSWER:
Help
Reset
Group 1
Group 1
Group 2
Group 1
Group 2
100
1.0
5.0
20.
2.0
V
decreases
V increases
P decreases
P increases
20.
5.0
P decreases
1.0
V increases
12/11/23, 11:56 PM
Chapter 08 Assignment
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Correct
Looking for trigger words like "initially" can help you differentiate the initial states from the final states.
Hint 2. Identify how known quantities change
Once you’ve analyzed your data and figured out what you know, you can predict what the answer will be. This will help you at the end of the
problem to check and make sure that you didn’t make a mistake in your calculations.
Which of the following statements describes what you would expect to happen in this experiment?
ANSWER:
Correct
Because volume and pressure are inversely related, you know the pressure decreases as the volume increases. Hint 3. Solve Boyle’s law for the unknown quantity
Rearrange the equation
to create the form of Boyle’s Law should you should use to solve for the unknown in this problem.
ANSWER:
Correct
You need to set up the equation to solve for because you've already been given the initial final volumes.
Help
Reset
The pressure will increase.
The pressure will decrease.
The pressure will stay the same.
Group 1
Group 2
Group 1
Group 2
Group 1
Group 2
L
atm
mmHg
psi
mL
1.00
350.
2.00
1.00
atm
350.
L
2.00
L
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Current Attempt in Progress
A bubble of air escaping from a diver's mask rises from a depth of 116 ft to the surface where the pressure is 1.00 atm. Initially, the
bubble has a volume of 10.0 mL. Assuming none of the air dissolves in the water. how many times larger is the bubble just as it reaches
the surface?
Use this data:
1. The density of seawater is approximately 1.025 g mL
2. The density of mercury is 13.6 g mL
times larger
Use your answer to explain why scuba divers constantly exhale as they slowly rise from a deep dive.
Since the pressure
v by a factor of approximatelyi
the volume must
v by a
factor of approximately i
Divers exhale to
the amount of gas in their lungs, so it does not
V to a volume
than the
diver's lungs.
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a) Newton's Second Law
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c) Newton's First Law
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naining Time: 43 minutes, 12 seconds.
estion Completion Status:
QUESTION 20
In the experiment "Molar mass of volatile liquid", the pressure of the gas inside a flask was the same as atmosphere, and
the temperature was identical to the boiling water temperature of water bath. How did you measure the volume of the gas
inside the flask? -
O Read the volume written on the flask.
Fill the flask up to the brim with water and then transfer the water to a graduated cylinder.
Measure the volume of the liquid added to the flask before heating the sample.
Measure the volume of the liquid that condenses in the flask after cooling the sample.
QUESTION 21
Name the laboratory equipment.
Save All
Click Save and Submit to.save and submit. Click Save All Answrers to save all anstcers
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There is a direct relationship between pressure and
A)
volume so the chick will shrink.
Whenever there is an increase in temperature there is
an increase in volume so the chick expands.
The
molecules inside the marshmallow chick
gas
C)
heat up vibrate, increase the pressure outward and
the chick expands.
Increased pressure due to increased temperature
results in a decrease in volume so the marshmallow
D)
chick will begin to shrink.
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Dalton v
Accessibility Mode
Imn
7. Two tanks are connected by a closed valve. Each tank is filled with gas, and both tanks are
held at the same temperature. We open the valve and allow the gases to mix. Tank A
contains 5.00 L of oxygen at 24 atm, and tank B contains 3L of nitrogen at 32.0 atm.
a. After the gases mix, what is the partial pressure of each gas?
b. What is the total pressure?
8. A gaseous mixture contains 3.23 g of chloroform, CHCl3, and 1.22 g of methane, CH4.
Assuming that both compounds remain as gases, what pressure is exerted by the mixture
inside a 50.0 ml metal container at 275C? What is each of the partial pressures in atm?
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Review Topics]
[References]
1 pts 2req
Use the References to access important values if needed for this qúestion.
Battery
A sample of argon gas at a pressure of 0.976 atm and a temperature of 27.2 °C,
occupies a volume of 747 mL. If the gas is compressed at constant temperature until
1 pts 2req
its pressure is 1.33 atm, the volume of the gas sample will be
mL.
Battery Leve
1 pts 2req
Submit Answer
Retry Entire Group
9 more group attempts remaining
12 AM
Screen On Us
12 AM
Apr 22
Ana u cn
+1 (404) 50
I don't ha
T refuse to
Thave been
+1 (770) 899-
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A waste heat exchanger is used to absorb the energy from the complete
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0.85 mL
O 0.84 L
O 840 g
O 0.85 g
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3.00 -
2.50
olo
2.113
2.00-
Ar
atm
1.50-
1.00 -
0.50
10
15
20
25
30
seconds
created
Is O, being created or destroyed by the chemical
destroyed
3.
reaction?
neither created nor destroyed
If O, is being created or destroyed, what is the rate at
3.
which
is being created or destroyed 10 seconds after
the reaction starts?
Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Also be sure
your answer has the correct unit symbol.
If O, is being created or destroyed, what is the average
rate at which it is heina created or destroved durina the.
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have the next lowest average kinetic energy, and so on.
sample
average kinetic
energy of atoms in
sample
amount
pressure
temperature
2.3 mol
1.1 atm
- 35. °C
(Choose one)
1.2 mol
2.5 atm
- 15. °C
(Choose one) ▼
- 12. °C
|(Choose one)
2.4 mol
2.8 atm
1.8 mol
1.4 atm
- 10. °C
|(Choose one) ▼
2.9 mol
2.9 atm
- 25. °C
(Choose one) v
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Review I Constants I Periodic Table
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) monitors air quality in
the United States. Lead is among the pollutants regularly monitored and
regulated. Lead is released into the atmosphere primarily by the processing of
metals ores containing lead and by lead-based battery manufacturing. The
effects of too much exposure to lead include neurological damage and
cardiovascular disease. Because of the Clean Air Act and its amendments, the
amounts of lead in air have been decreasing for many years. The chart below
shows the lead concentration in air in the United States from 2000 to 2014
(Figure 1)
Previous Answers
Submit
Correct
A decrease in -83% is a substantial improvement in air quality from 2000 to 2014
Part D
How many lead atoms were in one cubic centimeter of air in 2006?
Express the number of lead atoms numerically.
View Available Hint(s)
Figure
1 of 1
Lead Concentration in Air in U.S
Vη ΑΣφ
?
3.5 108
0.35
Pb atoms
0.3
0.25
Previous…
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0.530 mol sample of carbon dioxide gas at a temperature of 13.0 °C is found to occupy a volume of 26.4 liters. The pressure of this
gas sample is I
mm Hg.
Submit Answer
MAY
1
***
[Review Topics]
[References]
Use the References to access important values if needed for this question.
Retry Entire Group
tv
C
C
9 more group attempts remaining
St17 A
P
Previous
LE
Next
Save and Exit
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Part 5. Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures
A sample of Argon gas is placed in a 5.0L container at 298K. The measured pressure is 1.0 atm.
If Xenon gas is added to the same container containing the Argon, and the volume and
temperature due not change, the pressure increases to 1.5 atm. From this data calculate the
moles of argon and xenon present in the flask and the mole fraction of each gas.
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CHAPTER 4 GASES
Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Determine the density of NO gas at 101 kPa and 35 °C ing dm³.
A 0.012
BO.S2
C1 82
D 16
A gas sample contains 42 g nitrogen and 44 g carbon dioxide at a total pressure of 150 kPa.
What is the partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
A 60 kPa
B 76 7 kPa
C 90 kPa
D 112.5 kPa
2.
A sample of gas has a rolume of 430 cm3 at 10 °C and 100 kPa
What is the volume of the gas at 30 °C and 110 kPa?
A 44 cm³
B 365 cm
C 419 cm'
D1173 cm
Page
1 I 2
Q +
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Reference: Ref 5-7
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Select one:
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b. 580 torr
c. 598 torr
d. 616 torr
e. 634 torr
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a) 8 sec, 100.5 mL
b) 5 sec, 92.6 mL
c) 167 sec, 91.6 mL
d) 170 sec, 70.6 mL
e) None of the above
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