Lab Report #10

In free-radical substitution reaction of alkanes with halogens under uv light, the photolytic breaking of the halogen is the rate determining step. the formation of alkylradical is the rate determining step. the formation of halogen radical is the rate determining step. the abstraction of hydrogen from alkane by the halogen radical is the rate determining step

methanol + CH3OH Suppose you were told that the above reaction was a substitution reaction but you were not told the mechanism. Evaluate the following categories to determine the reaction mechanism and then draw the structure of the major organic product. Type of alkyl halide: Type of nucleophile: Solvent: Is the product racemic?

When propene reacts with gaseous hydrogen bromide, HBr, two products, 1-bromopropane and 2-bromopropane are formed. The reaction is a two-step process in which the electrophilic attack occurs in the first step. Identify the electrophile in this reaction Draw a diagram showing the first step of the reaction that leads to the production of 2-bromopropane.

196. Subject : - Chemistry

i cant find the answers

The compound below is treated with chlorine in the presence of light. H3C CH3 H3C° `CH2CH3 Draw the structure for the organic radical species produced by reaction of the compound with a chlorine atom. Assume reaction occurs at the weakest C-H bond. • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms.

For the given SN2 reaction, draw the organic and inorganic products of the reaction, and identify the nucleophile, substrate, and leaving group.

What explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self-condensation reactions in basic conditions? The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon is an electrophile. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactions.

10. Terpene is a class of naturally occurring molecules, found in many essential oils from plants, that share the same alkene features. All terpenes have a similar 5 carbon unit that includes an alkene thought to be biologically synthesized from the molecule isoprene. All terpenes are biosynthesized from molecules with the good leaving group: pyrophosphate (OPP). Loss of this OPP leads to the formation of a resonance stabilized carbocation. The new carbocation can undergo a nucleophilic attack from a T-bond as seen in acid-catalyzed hydration and hydrohalogenation, forming a new carbocation. This new carbocation can undergo an E1 reaction to form a new alkene. Add the curved arrows of the following reaction. hopp COPP D 5 R-carvone (spearmint oil) - Q Search 40 6 & COPP 1 COPP COPP

10) Synthesis: Make the following products from a suitable cyclic alkene starting material. Look at the functional group PATTERN present in the molecule, including stereochemistry. Br CH3 Br CH3

In nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions that proceed by the nucleophilic addition-elimination mechanism, the reaction rate increases as the electronegativity of the halogen leaving group increases: Ar-I < Ar-Br < Ar-CI < Ar-F. Which step does this suggest is the rate-determining step of the mechanism-the addition step or the elimination step? Explain.

What reaction category/mechanism type does the following reaction fit? O addition substitution (SN1) substitution (SN2) O elimination (E1) O elimination (E2) HCI CI + HO

Provide the major substitution product for the following reaction.

The pictured reaction shows an alkyl bromide being converted into an alkene. Choose all reagents that would produce the pictured alkene as the major product. A) NaOH/H2O B) H2O C) tBuOK/tBuOH D) EtONa/EtOH

Ethane reacts with chlorine (Cl2) in the presence of ultra-violet (UV) light, to produce 1-chloropropane (CH3CH2Cl) and hydrogen bromide (HCl). As shown in the equation below.CH3CH3+ Cl2→ CH3CH2Cl+ HClDescribe the reaction mechanism of the reaction between ethane and chlorine to produce 1-chloroethane. The description should be detailed and must include the type of bond fission that takes place. You may sketch and insert suitable diagrams to aid your description if you wish.

H Br Br2 CH2Cl2 H, Br Electrophilic addition of bromine, Brɔ, to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH2Clɔ. In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions H Br H- Br H. :Br: Proviouc Noxt

CCH H20, H2SO4 H9SO4 CH3 Alkynes do not react directly with aqueous acid as do alkenes, but will do so in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate as a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction occurs with Markovnikov regiochemistry, so the OH group adds to the more highly substituted carbon and the H adds to the less highly substituted carbon. The initial product of the reaction is a vinyl alcohol, also called an enol. The enol immediately rearranges to a more stable ketone via tautomerization. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions Hjö: -CH3 -CH3 H3O*

What about the second step in the electrophilic addition of HCl to an alkene-the reaction of chloride ion with the carbocation intermediate? Is this step exergonic or endergonic? Does the transition state for this second step resemble the reactant (carbocation) or the product (alkyl chloride)? Make a rough diagram of what the transition state may look like?

Predict the major and minor products of the reaction. Name the products using systematic names. CH3CH=CH2+H2O−→−H+ major product: minor product:     Predict the organic product of the reaction. Include all hydrogen atoms.

organic chemistry help    Fill in the missing starting materials, reagents, or major products of each reaction

Select the correct statements regarding the reactions of tertiary haloalkanes. *         A- Tertiary haloalkanes form alkenes through both the E1 mechanism and the E2 mechanism.         B- Tertiary haloalkanes react with water to form ethers.         C- A tertiary haloalkane always forms a tertiary carbocation as an intermediate when a substitution reaction occurs.         D- A tertiary haloalkane always forms a tertiary carbocation as an intermediate when an elimination reaction occurs.

10) For the reaction between isopropyl 1-propyl (or 'n-propyl') ether and HBr, which type of reaction best matches the expected products? A) Acid-catalyzed dehydration B) Nucleophilic substitution reaction C) Ether cleavage reaction D) Nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction

Complete the following reactions by filling in any missing reactants, reagents or products. a) Zn(Hg) conc. HCl b) ОН ? с) ОН РСС CH,Cl,

5A In the following reactions, mixtures of alkenes and ethyl ethers are formed. Draw their structures. Explain which is or are likely to be the main product(s) in each reaction. In case of formation of two isomers of alkenes, explain which is formed in greater proportion CH3 ofi H3C- -Br CH3 EtOH