Ch2 Questions

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Golden West College *

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G170

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Chemistry

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Jan 9, 2024

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Ch 2 Review and Critical Thinking Questions 1 . Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? A. France B. Spain C. England D. Portugal 2. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? A. England B. Portugal C. Spain D. the Netherlands 3 . Where did Christopher Columbus first land? A. Hispaniola B. the Bahamas C. Jamestown D. Mexico 4. Why did the authors of probanzas de méritos choose to write in the way that they did? What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Authors of "probanzas de méritos" highlighted their merits to obtain privileges from the Spanish Crown, often embellishing details to enhance their appeal. Today, it's vital to recognize the historical backdrop of these documents, being cautious of possible exaggerations and consulting other sources for a comprehensive understanding of that era. 5 . Where did the Protestant Reformation begin? A. Northern Europe B. Spain C. England D. the American colonies 6. What was the chief goal of the Puritans? A. to achieve a lasting peace with the Catholic nations of Spain and France B. to eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England C. to assist Henry VIII in his quest for an annulment to his marriage D. to create a hierarchy within the Church of England modeled on that of the Catholic Church

7 . What reforms to the Catholic Church did Martin Luther and John Calvin call for? During the Protestant Reformation, Martin Luther called for an end to the sale of indulgences, the sole reliance on the Bible for religious doctrine, and salvation through faith alone. John Calvin promoted the idea of predestination and a simplified church worship focused on biblical principles. Both aimed to reform the Catholic Church's perceived corrupt practices, fostering a closer individual relationship with God and encouraging moral and ethical living. 8. Why didn’t England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the late sixteenth to early seventeenth century? A. English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland. B. The English monarchy did not want to declare direct war on Spain by attempting to colonize the Americas. C. The English military was occupied in battling for control of New Netherlands. D. The English crown refused to fund colonial expeditions. 9 . What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas? A. establishing a colony with French subjects B. trading, especially for furs C. gaining control of shipping lanes D. spreading Catholicism among native peoples 10. What were some of the main differences among the non-Spanish colonies?  The French were generally friendly with the Native Americans, focusing on trade and alliances.  The Dutch aimed to establish trading outposts, prioritizing commerce over territorial expansion.  The English were keen on establishing permanent colonies, often leading to conflicts with native populations.  The Spanish sought to spread Christianity, gain wealth and fame, often through the conquest and exploitation of native populations. 11 . How could Spaniards obtain encomiendas ? A. by serving the Spanish crown B. by buying them from other Spaniards C. by buying them from native chiefs D. by inheriting them

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