food #2
docx
keyboard_arrow_up
School
University of Guelph *
*We aren’t endorsed by this school
Course
4070
Subject
Chemistry
Date
Jan 9, 2024
Type
docx
Pages
2
Uploaded by PrivateEnergyPrairieDog23
Assignment #2
Answer all questions. The assignment must be type written in Microsoft Word and
submit in PDF format. You must show steps and calculations to justify your answers. If
the TAs cannot follow your step/rationale, they will not be able to give you the points
when grading the assignment.
Question 1
An extruded snack product (225 g dry weight) is packaged in a flexible pouch with lay-
flat dimensions of 21 cm x 34 cm. The initial moisture content of the product is 1.5%
(w/w). The package is nitrogen-flushed prior to sealing with the product and stored at
20°C and 60% RH. The moisture sorption isotherm of the product can be described by
the GAB equation:
? =
17.875?
!
(1 − 1.1?
!
)(1 − 1.1?
!
+ 7.15?
!
)
1.
(i) A metalized BOPP film (H
2
O permeability: 35 g.
μ
m /m
2
.d.kPa) is used for
packaging the product. If the product has a critical moisture content of 4.2%
(w/w), determine the thickness of the metalized BOPP film required to achieve a
target shelf-life of 120 d. Show calculation and include a screen shot of the
moisture sorption isotherm show the information used for solving the problem.
(20%)
2.
(ii) The product is susceptible to oxidative rancidity with a critical oxygen content
of 1.0 mL/g (dry basis). Determine if the metalized BOPP film, at the thickness
determined from part (i), is suitable for packaging the product. The O
2
permeability of the film is 6,600 mL.
μ
m/m
2
.d.atm. Show steps of calculation.
(10%)
3.
(iii) To extend the product shelf-life, the brand owner wishes to experiment with a
3-layer composite film made of a nylon core layer (15
μ
m) and two outer PP
layers (60
μ
m each), with the following barrier properties:
H
2
O
Nylon permeability: 898 g.
μ
m/m
2
.d.kPa
PP permeability: 60 g.
μ
m/m
2
.d.kPa
O
2
Would you recommend the use of the composite film? Justify your answer
using calculations. (20%)
Nylon permeability: 110 mL.
μ
m/m
2
.d.atm
PP O
2
permeability: 350,000 mL.
μ
m/m
2
.d.atm
1
4.
(iv) If the product were to be stored in an environment of higher humidity at 80%
RH level, how would this affect your answers in part (iii) (20%)
5.
(v) Without changing the polymers of the packaging film, what modifications to
the package and/or product can be done to extend the shelf-life? List as many
approaches as you can think of. (10%)
Question 2
A plastic bag made of LDPE film, with a total surface area of 0.03 m
2
, is to be used for
modified headspace packaging of a tropical fruit. At 20
o
C, the fruit has a respiration rate
described by Ro = 92 x [O
2
], where Ro is rate of O
2
consumption rate (mL/kg.h) and [O
2
]
is oxygen concentration (in fraction).
(i) At 10
o
C, the O
2
and CO
2
permeability values of the LDPE film are 110 and 366
mL.mil/m
2
.h.atm, respectively. If the activation energy values of the film for O
2
and CO
2
permeation are 30.0 and 32.0 kJ/mol, respectively, calculate O
2
and CO
2
permeability at
20
o
C. (10%)
(ii) If the LDPE film has a thickness of 1.0 mil, determine the weight (kg) of the fruit that
should be packed in order to achieve equilibrium O
2
and CO
2
headspace concentrations
of 2 and 6%, respectively, assuming the respiration quotient (RQ) of the fruit is 1.0 at
20
o
C. (15%)
(iii) During transportation, the packaged product was exposed to an elevated
temperature at 30
o
C. Due to the thermal abuse, the oxygen consumption rate of the fruit
change to Ro = 200 x [O
2
] and the RQ = 3.0. Determine the new equilibrium headspace
O
2
and CO
2
concentrations (15%)
(iv) Discuss the potential impacts to the product shelf-life due to the increase in
temperature. Propose packaging innovations to address the issues. (10%)
Your preview ends here
Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version
- Access to all documents
- Unlimited textbook solutions
- 24/7 expert homework help
Related Documents
Related Questions
A core sample is saturated with an oil (?o = 35oAPI), gas and water. The
initial weight of the sample is 224.14 g. After the gas is displaced by water
(?w = 1 g/cm3
), the weight is increased to 225.90 g. The sample is the placed
in a Soxhlet distillation apparatus, and 4.4 cm3 water is extracted. After drying
the core sample, the weight is now 209.75 g. The sample bulk volume, 95 cm3
is measured in a mercury pycnometer. Find the porosity, water saturation, oil
saturation, gas saturation and lithology of the core sample.
arrow_forward
Drug: C20H22ClN (Flexeril also known as iCyclobenzaprine HCl
Using unit analysis, clearly show the set-ups for your calculations.
You wish to prepare 50.0 mL of 2.30 x 10–2 M solution of your drug.
(hint-how many grams will you need of your drug?)
Describe how to prepare this solution from the pure drug and deionized water. Analytical balances and volumetric flasks are available to you. (Assume that your drug dissolves in water, at least to the extent necessary for this problem.) Use complete sentences in your description of the solution preparation process.
A patient is given 2.0mL of a 3.00% (m/v) solution of your drug, how many milligrams of the drug did they receive?
What is the molarity of a 3.00% (m/v) solution of your drug?
arrow_forward
We want to inform you that your performance as a tutor is being evaluated and will be reported to the administration. Additionally, there will be an online ranking system that not only assesses the overall performance of Bartleby as a website but also ranks individual tutors based on their question-and-answer accurate contributions. This ranking will be shared with management. Please ensure that your responses are of the highest quality, as multiple requests may be directed to the same person for assessment.
arrow_forward
An environmental chemist working for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was directed to collect razor clams from a
heavily-contaminated river superfund site and analyze them for their Cd?+ content using graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectrometry (GFAAS). The chemist dried the clams at 95 °C overnight and ground them in a scientific blender, resulting in
approximately 50 g of homogenized dry weight. A representative 98.75 mg sample was taken from the approximately 50 g of
dry material and dissolved in 100.0 mL of 0.1 M HCI to create a sample solution. Using the method of standard additions, the
chemist prepared five standard solutions in 100.0 mL volumetric flasks, each containing 5.00 mL aliquots of the sample solution.
Varying amounts of a 75.0 ppb (ug/L) Cd? + standard were added to each of the flasks, which were then brought to volume with
0.1 M HCI. The Cd? + content of the solutions was then analyzed using GFAAS, resulting in the. absorbance data given in
the table.…
arrow_forward
20 Carbamazepine tablets were found to weigh 10.000 g in total. The tablets were ground to a fine powder using a pestle and mortar. A 313.2 mg
sample of the powder was boiled with 25ml ethanol for a few minutes. The hot mixture was stirred in a closed flask for 10 minutes and filtered
through sintered glass. The flask and filter were washed with ethanol and the washings combined with the filtrate. The cooled mixture was made
up to 100ml with ethanol (soln A). 5ml of the ethanol extract was diluted to 250ml with ethanol (soln B) and the absorbance of the resulting
solution was found to be 0.598 absorbance units at a wavelength of 285nm. The A1%,1cm was 490?
a) Calculate the total amount (in mg) of carbamazepine in solution B (1 decimal)
Answer =
mg
b) Calculate the total amount (in mg) of carbamazepine in solution A (1 decimal)
Answer =
mg
c) Calculate the amount (in mg) of carbamazepine in a single tablet. (1 decimal)
Answer =
arrow_forward
How to prepare the solutions listed below
Solution 1) 25 mL 7 M sulfuric acid and the respective dilution of this solution to prepare 50 mL 2 M sulfuric acid in deionised water.
Sulfuric acid Mw = 98.079 g mol-1
Sulfuric acid density = 1.84 g mL-1
Sulfuric acid purity = 98%
Solution 2) 100 mL 0.02M potassium permanganate
potassium permanganate Mw = 158.03 g mol-1
potassium permanganate purity = 99%
arrow_forward
help please answer in text form with proper workings and explanation for each and every part and steps with concept and introduction no AI no copy paste remember answer must be in proper format with all working
arrow_forward
Based from the Molarity of the palmitic acid solution that you were able to solve earlier, how will you prepare 250 mL of the said molar concentration, if you have an available 2M stock solution of Palmitic acid?
How many mL of the 2M palmitic acid stock solution will you need? Final answer must be rounded off to 2 decimal places, and shall NOT have any units.
arrow_forward
Two aqueous hydrogen bromide solutions containing 1.00 wt% HBr (SG=1.0041) and 60.0 wt% HBr (SG=1.6731) are mixed to form a 3.54 M HBr solution (SG=1.1935).
What feed rate of the 60.0 wt% HBr solution would be required to produce 1350 kg/hr of product?
arrow_forward
Oil seeds containing 49% oil, 40% pulp, 3% mineral salts and the rest
moisture are leached with hexane as the solvent. The underflow from the leaching operation contains 25% hexane, 2.5% salts, 15% oil and 7.5% moisture. The extract contains 25% oil. The extract is distilled to recover the entire hexane in pure form leaving behind the oil, water and salt. The underflow is subjected to steam distillation which recovers 95% hexane.
Basis100kg seeds
Make a detailed flowchart with uknowns and degree of freedom
arrow_forward
A fuel oil having an analysis on a mass basis of 85.7% C, 14.2% H, 0.1% inert matter burns with air to give products with a dry molar analysis of 12.29% CO₂, 3.76%
O2, 83.95% N₂. Determine the air-fuel ratio on a mass basis.
For each of the following mixtures, determine the equivalence ratio and indicate if the mixture is lean or rich:
(a) 1 kmol of butane (C4H₁0) and 32 kmol of air.
(b) 1 lb of propane (C3Hg) and 14.5 lb of air.
arrow_forward
You are analyzing the effluent from a lotion plant for parabens using HPLC.
You have a working standard solution with a concentration of 59.4 ppm which
returned a Peak Height of 10,164 and Peak Area of 5,315.
You take 44.4 L of the water sample and concentrate it to 0.3 L and analyze this
solution. The Peak Height is 9,119 and the Peak Area is 6,320.
What is the concentration of parabens in the effluent of the plant in mg/L to two
decimal places.
arrow_forward
We want to inform you that your performance as a tutor is being evaluated and will be reported to the administration. Additionally, there will be an online ranking system that not only assesses the overall performance of Bartleby as a website but also ranks individual tutors based on their question-and-answer accurate contributions. This ranking will be shared with management. Please ensure that your responses are of the highest quality, as multiple requests may be directed to the same person for assessment.
arrow_forward
A sample of an infusion was diluted 10 ml to 250 ml and then 10 ml to 200 ml. It was thenanalysed and was found to contain sodium at 0.789 mg/100 ml. Calculate the concentrationof sodium in the original sample in %w/v. The sample was composed of a mixture of sodiumlactate and sodium carbonate in equimolar amounts. Calculate the amount of sodiumlactate and sodium carbonate in mg/10 ml of the sample (Na = 23, lactate = 89, carbonate =60)
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY
Related Questions
- A core sample is saturated with an oil (?o = 35oAPI), gas and water. The initial weight of the sample is 224.14 g. After the gas is displaced by water (?w = 1 g/cm3 ), the weight is increased to 225.90 g. The sample is the placed in a Soxhlet distillation apparatus, and 4.4 cm3 water is extracted. After drying the core sample, the weight is now 209.75 g. The sample bulk volume, 95 cm3 is measured in a mercury pycnometer. Find the porosity, water saturation, oil saturation, gas saturation and lithology of the core sample.arrow_forwardDrug: C20H22ClN (Flexeril also known as iCyclobenzaprine HCl Using unit analysis, clearly show the set-ups for your calculations. You wish to prepare 50.0 mL of 2.30 x 10–2 M solution of your drug. (hint-how many grams will you need of your drug?) Describe how to prepare this solution from the pure drug and deionized water. Analytical balances and volumetric flasks are available to you. (Assume that your drug dissolves in water, at least to the extent necessary for this problem.) Use complete sentences in your description of the solution preparation process. A patient is given 2.0mL of a 3.00% (m/v) solution of your drug, how many milligrams of the drug did they receive? What is the molarity of a 3.00% (m/v) solution of your drug?arrow_forwardWe want to inform you that your performance as a tutor is being evaluated and will be reported to the administration. Additionally, there will be an online ranking system that not only assesses the overall performance of Bartleby as a website but also ranks individual tutors based on their question-and-answer accurate contributions. This ranking will be shared with management. Please ensure that your responses are of the highest quality, as multiple requests may be directed to the same person for assessment.arrow_forward
- An environmental chemist working for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was directed to collect razor clams from a heavily-contaminated river superfund site and analyze them for their Cd?+ content using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). The chemist dried the clams at 95 °C overnight and ground them in a scientific blender, resulting in approximately 50 g of homogenized dry weight. A representative 98.75 mg sample was taken from the approximately 50 g of dry material and dissolved in 100.0 mL of 0.1 M HCI to create a sample solution. Using the method of standard additions, the chemist prepared five standard solutions in 100.0 mL volumetric flasks, each containing 5.00 mL aliquots of the sample solution. Varying amounts of a 75.0 ppb (ug/L) Cd? + standard were added to each of the flasks, which were then brought to volume with 0.1 M HCI. The Cd? + content of the solutions was then analyzed using GFAAS, resulting in the. absorbance data given in the table.…arrow_forward20 Carbamazepine tablets were found to weigh 10.000 g in total. The tablets were ground to a fine powder using a pestle and mortar. A 313.2 mg sample of the powder was boiled with 25ml ethanol for a few minutes. The hot mixture was stirred in a closed flask for 10 minutes and filtered through sintered glass. The flask and filter were washed with ethanol and the washings combined with the filtrate. The cooled mixture was made up to 100ml with ethanol (soln A). 5ml of the ethanol extract was diluted to 250ml with ethanol (soln B) and the absorbance of the resulting solution was found to be 0.598 absorbance units at a wavelength of 285nm. The A1%,1cm was 490? a) Calculate the total amount (in mg) of carbamazepine in solution B (1 decimal) Answer = mg b) Calculate the total amount (in mg) of carbamazepine in solution A (1 decimal) Answer = mg c) Calculate the amount (in mg) of carbamazepine in a single tablet. (1 decimal) Answer =arrow_forwardHow to prepare the solutions listed below Solution 1) 25 mL 7 M sulfuric acid and the respective dilution of this solution to prepare 50 mL 2 M sulfuric acid in deionised water. Sulfuric acid Mw = 98.079 g mol-1 Sulfuric acid density = 1.84 g mL-1 Sulfuric acid purity = 98% Solution 2) 100 mL 0.02M potassium permanganate potassium permanganate Mw = 158.03 g mol-1 potassium permanganate purity = 99%arrow_forward
- help please answer in text form with proper workings and explanation for each and every part and steps with concept and introduction no AI no copy paste remember answer must be in proper format with all workingarrow_forwardBased from the Molarity of the palmitic acid solution that you were able to solve earlier, how will you prepare 250 mL of the said molar concentration, if you have an available 2M stock solution of Palmitic acid? How many mL of the 2M palmitic acid stock solution will you need? Final answer must be rounded off to 2 decimal places, and shall NOT have any units.arrow_forwardTwo aqueous hydrogen bromide solutions containing 1.00 wt% HBr (SG=1.0041) and 60.0 wt% HBr (SG=1.6731) are mixed to form a 3.54 M HBr solution (SG=1.1935). What feed rate of the 60.0 wt% HBr solution would be required to produce 1350 kg/hr of product?arrow_forward
- Oil seeds containing 49% oil, 40% pulp, 3% mineral salts and the rest moisture are leached with hexane as the solvent. The underflow from the leaching operation contains 25% hexane, 2.5% salts, 15% oil and 7.5% moisture. The extract contains 25% oil. The extract is distilled to recover the entire hexane in pure form leaving behind the oil, water and salt. The underflow is subjected to steam distillation which recovers 95% hexane. Basis100kg seeds Make a detailed flowchart with uknowns and degree of freedomarrow_forwardA fuel oil having an analysis on a mass basis of 85.7% C, 14.2% H, 0.1% inert matter burns with air to give products with a dry molar analysis of 12.29% CO₂, 3.76% O2, 83.95% N₂. Determine the air-fuel ratio on a mass basis. For each of the following mixtures, determine the equivalence ratio and indicate if the mixture is lean or rich: (a) 1 kmol of butane (C4H₁0) and 32 kmol of air. (b) 1 lb of propane (C3Hg) and 14.5 lb of air.arrow_forwardYou are analyzing the effluent from a lotion plant for parabens using HPLC. You have a working standard solution with a concentration of 59.4 ppm which returned a Peak Height of 10,164 and Peak Area of 5,315. You take 44.4 L of the water sample and concentrate it to 0.3 L and analyze this solution. The Peak Height is 9,119 and the Peak Area is 6,320. What is the concentration of parabens in the effluent of the plant in mg/L to two decimal places.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781259911156
Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby Professor
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Principles of Instrumental Analysis
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305577213
Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Organic Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9780078021558
Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education

Chemistry: Principles and Reactions
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079373
Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. Hurley
Publisher:Cengage Learning

Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781118431221
Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. Bullard
Publisher:WILEY