Differences in Organizational Culture

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Dec 6, 2023

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Differences in Organizational Culture Heather J M Mathews University of Phoenix MPA 503 Public Administration Institutions and Processes William Humphreys October 17, 2023

Differences in Organizational Culture This essay is an analytical comparison of the CIA and the FBI. The following topics are discussed in-depth: the FBI and CIA culture such as their historical roots, the organizational structure changes, the 9/11 Commission, the leadership culture of the two agencies, other organizations, organizational performance and recommendations for improvement, and theories and concepts relating to the two agencies. FBI and CIA Culture: Historical Roots Discussed below are the historical roots of the different organizations and behavioral cultures present in the FBI and Cia and a thorough discussion of how these cultures affect their work, in both good and bad ways. The CIA has not always existed. Before World War I there was a lack of surveillance on foreign intelligence. The first agency to be started was the Office of the Coordinator of Information. It was not until after World War II that the President first realized the desperate need for and importance of intelligence gathering and clandestine operations. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (n.d.), “The Office of Strategic Services (OSS), our Agency's forerunner, was created during World War II and was America’s first global intelligence organization. OSS was capable of coordinated espionage, covert action, and counterintelligence- all of which are pieces of today’s CIA” (History of CIA). The OSS was later abolished and turned into the Strategic Services Unit (SSU) until the United States could figure out a more sustainable option (Central Intelligence Agency, n.d.). The SSU was later converted to the Central Intelligence Group (CIG) which was given authority to be able to go outside the limited scope they had available before. CIG was given the ability to conduct independent research and analysis, this allowed for them to go beyond coordinating intelligence to producing the intelligence needed.

The problem of this agency was the constraints placed by the Department of State and the armed services. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (n.d.), “The National Security Act of 1947 established CIA as an independent, civilian intelligence agency within the executive branch” (1947 September 18 The Central Intelligence Agency). This allowed the Agency the ability to monitor the Nation’s intelligence activities as well as allowing control over collecting, evaluating, and disseminating intelligence that would impact National security. The CIA organizational and behavioral culture affects their ability to perform their job because they work loosely around the law which can result in them being more susceptible to persecution under the law due to mistakes made during the investigation procedures and dependent on their techniques used during investigative interrogation procedures. The history of the FBI is not as illustrious as that of the CIA, but it is far more entertaining considering the grounds on which it was formed. The FBI was essentially put into place by President Teddy Roosevelt after Czolgosz’s Folly. Roosevelt had no tolerance of corruption or the “malefactors of great wealth”. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (2022), “He was a believer in the law and in the enforcement of that law, and it was under his reform-driven leadership that the FBI would get its start” (A Brief History: The Nation Calls, 1908-1923). The start of the FBI, however, did not fall as a Congressional Act, more of an act of disobedience by Charles Bonaparte after Congress charged Roosevelt as grabbing executive power which banned the loan of Secret Service operatives. The organizational and behavioral culture of the FBI affects their work in a positive way because they have less chance of prosecutorial issues when trying to go after the criminals they are trying to catch. This means that their cases tend to stick more permanently. Their history has allowed them more efficiency than the CIA due to the way they operate and how they got started.

The FBI’s history had simple foundations that allowed for a modest easy start with some pretrained Secret Service agents. FBI and CIA: Organizational Structure The following is an in-depth discussion of how changes in the organizational structure of the FBI and CIA can produce changes in the organizational and behavioral culture and a thorough discussion of how likely is it that the two agencies will be able to change their cultures and develop effective communication strategies among the two agencies. Right off the rip there is an immediate difference between the FBI and the CIA websites. According to The Federal Bureau of Investigation (2022), “We protect the American people and uphold the U.S. Constitution” (para. 1). Essentially this breaks down to their most important goal is to protect American’s while at the same time making sure that the constitution is followed and abided by in the defense of American’s even if it is an American committing the crime. According to the Central Intelligence Agency (n.d.), “We are the Nation’s first line of defense. We accomplish what others cannot accomplish and go where others cannot go” (About the CIA). One states they are the first line of defense, while the other states that they protect the American people and uphold the constitution. Both protect American citizens, but one upholds the constitution as a primary goal. The two agencies have always been at odds due to their difference of goals. According to Kettl (2020) “For years, the two agencies had coexisted uneasily: the CIA focused on digging out information abroad on threats to the United States, while the FBI concentrated on dangers inside the country” (p. 197). The CIA operate on close boundaries to being almost nonlaw abiding; whereas the FBI operates closely to the law so that they can avoid any prosecutorial challenges when they catch

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