Part 3 Research Paper-Interview Summary - CJAD 455 (2)

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1 Part 3: Research Paper-Interview Summary Ashley Burke Criminal Justice, Franklin University CJAD 455 H1WW: Ethics in the Criminal Justice System Dr. Howard Jordan November 27, 2022

2 Part 3: Research Paper-Interview Summary What would this person actually do about the ethical dilemma issue? Cameron Briggs is a Newport News, Virginia Fire Department Lieutenant and Paramedic who also serves as a Safety Officer for the department. Briggs has been on the force for 12 years with his last 2 years serving as a supervisor. C. Briggs (personal communication, December 2, 2022) states he would increase training and remodify protocols to reflect a greater awareness of the ability and effectiveness of using the least intrusive methods. Too many times are individuals killed when they are not armed. Even those who are armed can be apprehended on a case-by-case basis without the use of force. Just because you see a knife or a gun, does not mean there is a danger posed upon your life (C. Briggs, personal communication, December 2, 2022). Briggs detailed how he had been on a call with co-workers whose first instinct is to shoot because that is what they are taught in the police academy. C. Briggs (personal communication, December 2, 2022) states, “Without thinking, he went for the gun first because of a woman with a razor blade. It was nothing except muscle memory that prompted the officer to draw his weapon. I talked the officer into holstering his weapon, and the woman threw the blade within 30 seconds of me applying my de-escalation training.” Briggs believes if officers were physically trained more, then there would be less fear resulting in less use of force. One of his colleagues informed him that many officers fear physical altercations, so they would rather eliminate the possibility of being physically assaulted. “When you use force to do something, essentially you are taking away someone's choice to do what they want, so you better have a really good reason, and you better be able to defend that reason (C. Briggs, personal communication, December 2, 2022).” For Briggs, he would rather take a beating than take a life, especially an innocent/unarmed life. What criteria would he use to make the decision?

3 To solve the ethical dilemma of use-of-force, Briggs would mandate physical, hands-on wrestling/submission style training and mandate de-escalation training in addition to police defensive tactical training and eye/hand coordination training. Additionally, he would require refresher training 3 or more times a month depending on position and length of training. C. Briggs (personal communication, December 2, 2022) informed me that he received about 5 hours of grappling defense training, which is antithetical to the almost week-long firearm training, which is why he feels that the use-of-force supplements for the lack of training; he spent 5 hours wrestling, but a week firing his firearm. That ratio is not efficient and needs to be reformed (C. Briggs, personal communication, December 2, 2022). Although everyday encounters vary, and law enforcement can expect the unexpected, a department should be created that is equipped to handle mental health situations and/or situations where de- escalation is or might be needed. Are there costs or consequences involved with the decision? Departmental funding would need to be advocated for to ensure proper training and execution of techniques in addition to computerized training to be used in conjunction with the hands-on training. Is there a Code of Conduct that helps determine the answer? Yes, always use the least intrusive method first. Currently, the use of force in Briggs’ field is no longer what it used to be. They used to just hogtie people and throw them on the stretcher like it was the Wild West, which was completely unacceptable (C. Briggs, personal communication, December 2, 2022). They prohibited hogtying and manhandling in writing so that everyone would comply with the new standards. The Newport News fire department does have protocols in place if they need to restrain someone whether it's physical or chemical and that involves positioning and monitoring. If restrained, the restrained should be lying on their back as those with weak truck muscles could be asphyxiated by lying on their belly. Additionally, the officials monitor oxygen levels, repeatedly listen to lung sounds, and if

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