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Feb 20, 2024
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Intelligence Fusion Centers
Northern Arizona University
Jeanette Martinez
INT 315
Professor Rod Parish
February 5, 2023
INTELLIGENCE FUSION CENTERS
2
Introduction
At state and local level, intelligence is about understanding problems, and good intelligence provides a level of actionable information that can help solve criminal investigations. At the state and local level, and homeland security problems are endlessly dynamic and adaptive. “Whether it’s an emerging terror plot, the impact of recidivist crime, the brunt force of a superstorm or health alert, the obliqueness of cyber malware, or even the preparation required to get ready for a special event” (Ratcliffe, 2016, pg.21). Following the September 11 attacks, the need to develop a response for a terrorist threat became of paramount importance to effectively share information and intelligence across all government agencies. Fusion centers were created to detect, prevent, investigate, and respond to criminal and terrorist activity through the improvement of information sharing and analysis within all state, local, and tribal law enforcement agencies. Organization
Built on existing criminal intelligence efforts, fusion centers are state and locally owned and operated in major city police departments. There are currently 72 official fusion centers in the U.S. (Carter et al., 2012). The relationship between intelligence-led policing and fusion centers is reinforced by the Office of Homeland Security’s National Strategy for Homeland Security. The centers are credited for their ability to analyze information much quickly and predict threats to Americans. Fusion centers increase the production and sharing of crime and intelligence analysis product. Procedure and Policies
INTELLIGENCE FUSION CENTERS
3
In 2004 and 2005, when Fusion centers were created by states, there were no guidelines or standards in place for the development or processing of information sharing. Due to this, centers that were designed to share information were incapable of consistent and effective information sharing. While fusion centers are controlled by their respective state or local jurisdictions, they comply with federal standards and serve as a clearinghouse of information for the Department of Homeland Security. The U.S. Department of Justice with help from the Global Justice Information Sharing Initiative’s and the Department of Homeland Security Advisory Council collaborated with numerous law enforcement experts and practitioners from local, state, tribal, and federal agencies, as well as representatives of public safety and private sector entities across the country to develop the Fusion Center Guidelines: Developing and Sharing Information and Intelligence in a New Era (Homeland Security, DHS, 2021). Each fusion center has a formalized policies and procedure manual. This manual is the foundation for communications within the center and among personnel. “By developing, publishing, and adhering to a policies and procedures manual, the expectations for personnel are outlined, creating consistency and accountability while reducing liability and enhancing overall professionalism” (Fusion Center, OJP.org, 2023, p59). Fusion centers are also adhered to following exist guidelines, statues, policies, and procedures like 23 CFR Part 23 and the Critical Infrastructure Information Act. Fusion centers play a critical role in supporting uniform officers and investigators, by supporting the needs of law enforcement to submit and receive information in a more effectively and efficiently way to carry out their duties and responsibilities. Fusion centers are best equipped
to meet tomorrow’s challenges when technology is advancing on prevention and investigation tactics. In an era in which criminals and terrorists are known to use technology, it is critical that
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Related Questions
Nearly a decade has passed sinuce the
National Academy of Engineers declared
Cyber Security a "grand challenge for the
next century." Every day there is news on
ways in which cyber security challenges
and responses are complicating every
aspect of our lives. Can the challenge be
solved? (40marks)
As a first step to solving any problem, one
must understand its nature. So, it is
important for all cyber security analysts to
keep on top of news stories in the field. In
this discussion forum we will do just that
with the hope that everyone will make it a
daily habit throughout their career.
Today, some cyber news has been flooded
out of the headlines by Hurricane Harvey,
but as noted in this article, cyber concerns
are front and center as students return to
school.
arrow_forward
1- A human factors program can serve as an organizational platform to address humancentric issues in cybersecurity and develop formalized processes for ensuring human-centered cybersecurity practices are achieved.
True
False
Surveys are the gold standard of social science research.
True
False
Cybersecurity careers tend to be primarily technologically-focused.
True
False
Natural experiments are done in laboratories with strict controls.
True
False
Experiments are seen as the gold standard in social science research studies.
True
False
arrow_forward
Question 3
Artificial intelligence (Al) endeavors to simulate human intelligence. It has immense potential in
cybersecurity. Al is the ideal cybersecurity solution for businesses looking to thrive online today. Following
up on your report to management explaining the cyber security risks to the automated loan approval
process, elaborate on any five benefits of integrating artificial intelligence with cybersecurity to secure
automated processes such as the loan approval process.
m
na
arrow_forward
Cybersecurity discussion
In 2013, Edward Snowden was hired by the NSA after previous employment with the CIA as a systems administrator. In early June of 2013 he revealed thousands of classified NSA documents to journalists Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras, Barton Gellman, and Ewen MacAskill about government surveillance programs. By June 21, 2013, the United States Department of Justice unsealed charges against Edward Snowden of two counts of violating the Espionage Act of 1917 and theft of government property, which identified the leak of state secrets as an act of treason.
Snowden has become a subject of controversy, both ethically and legally being seen as a traitor, a hero, a whistleblower, a dissident, and patriot.
Data Security and Privacy in the Age of Surveillance (Links to an external site.)
Edward Snowden: Patriot or Traitor? (Links to an external site.)
Edward Snowden is Both A Patriot and A Traitor (Links to an external site.)
Using the above short video and articles…
arrow_forward
Answer ASAP
arrow_forward
Word limit: 1000 words
arrow_forward
What are the current trends (best practices) in artificial intelligence and machine learning aimed at preserving privacy?
arrow_forward
Have you ever seen someone being harassed or bullied by someone else over the internet? When you initially learned of the issue, what was the very first thing that went through your head? How did you get at the conclusion that the individual had been the target of bullying conduct prior to your intervention? In other words, how did you come to that conclusion?
arrow_forward
Have you ever observed someone being harassed or bullied by someone else over the internet? What was your first reaction when you found out about the situation? How did you arrive at the judgment that the person had previously been the target of bullying behavior prior to your intervention?
arrow_forward
What is Artificial Intelligence.
What would be any legal, ethical or security concerns related to Artificial Intelligence.
arrow_forward
Have you ever seen an instance of internet bullying or harassment? How did you react when you first heard about it? The person has apparently been the target of bullying previous to your intervention; please explain how you arrived at this judgment.
arrow_forward
Have you ever seen an instance of internet bullying or harassment? To begin with, how did you feel when you found out about the situation? How did you determine that the person had been the victim of bullying before you got involved?
arrow_forward
Look into Edward Snowden, a former CIA employee and US government contractor who stole and released secret material from the National Security Agency without prior approval in 2013. Your findings should be summarized in around 100-200 words. Do you think he is a traitor, patriot, or anything else? Why?
arrow_forward
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
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Related Questions
- Nearly a decade has passed sinuce the National Academy of Engineers declared Cyber Security a "grand challenge for the next century." Every day there is news on ways in which cyber security challenges and responses are complicating every aspect of our lives. Can the challenge be solved? (40marks) As a first step to solving any problem, one must understand its nature. So, it is important for all cyber security analysts to keep on top of news stories in the field. In this discussion forum we will do just that with the hope that everyone will make it a daily habit throughout their career. Today, some cyber news has been flooded out of the headlines by Hurricane Harvey, but as noted in this article, cyber concerns are front and center as students return to school.arrow_forward1- A human factors program can serve as an organizational platform to address humancentric issues in cybersecurity and develop formalized processes for ensuring human-centered cybersecurity practices are achieved. True False Surveys are the gold standard of social science research. True False Cybersecurity careers tend to be primarily technologically-focused. True False Natural experiments are done in laboratories with strict controls. True False Experiments are seen as the gold standard in social science research studies. True Falsearrow_forwardQuestion 3 Artificial intelligence (Al) endeavors to simulate human intelligence. It has immense potential in cybersecurity. Al is the ideal cybersecurity solution for businesses looking to thrive online today. Following up on your report to management explaining the cyber security risks to the automated loan approval process, elaborate on any five benefits of integrating artificial intelligence with cybersecurity to secure automated processes such as the loan approval process. m naarrow_forward
- Cybersecurity discussion In 2013, Edward Snowden was hired by the NSA after previous employment with the CIA as a systems administrator. In early June of 2013 he revealed thousands of classified NSA documents to journalists Glenn Greenwald, Laura Poitras, Barton Gellman, and Ewen MacAskill about government surveillance programs. By June 21, 2013, the United States Department of Justice unsealed charges against Edward Snowden of two counts of violating the Espionage Act of 1917 and theft of government property, which identified the leak of state secrets as an act of treason. Snowden has become a subject of controversy, both ethically and legally being seen as a traitor, a hero, a whistleblower, a dissident, and patriot. Data Security and Privacy in the Age of Surveillance (Links to an external site.) Edward Snowden: Patriot or Traitor? (Links to an external site.) Edward Snowden is Both A Patriot and A Traitor (Links to an external site.) Using the above short video and articles…arrow_forwardAnswer ASAParrow_forwardWord limit: 1000 wordsarrow_forward
- What are the current trends (best practices) in artificial intelligence and machine learning aimed at preserving privacy?arrow_forwardHave you ever seen someone being harassed or bullied by someone else over the internet? When you initially learned of the issue, what was the very first thing that went through your head? How did you get at the conclusion that the individual had been the target of bullying conduct prior to your intervention? In other words, how did you come to that conclusion?arrow_forwardHave you ever observed someone being harassed or bullied by someone else over the internet? What was your first reaction when you found out about the situation? How did you arrive at the judgment that the person had previously been the target of bullying behavior prior to your intervention?arrow_forward
- What is Artificial Intelligence. What would be any legal, ethical or security concerns related to Artificial Intelligence.arrow_forwardHave you ever seen an instance of internet bullying or harassment? How did you react when you first heard about it? The person has apparently been the target of bullying previous to your intervention; please explain how you arrived at this judgment.arrow_forwardHave you ever seen an instance of internet bullying or harassment? To begin with, how did you feel when you found out about the situation? How did you determine that the person had been the victim of bullying before you got involved?arrow_forward
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SEE MORE QUESTIONS
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Recommended textbooks for you
- Fundamentals of Information SystemsComputer ScienceISBN:9781337097536Author:Ralph Stair, George ReynoldsPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Information Systems (MindTap Course...Computer ScienceISBN:9781285867168Author:Ralph Stair, George ReynoldsPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Information Security (MindTap Cours...Computer ScienceISBN:9781337102063Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. MattordPublisher:Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of Information Systems
Computer Science
ISBN:9781337097536
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Information Systems (MindTap Course...
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ISBN:9781285867168
Author:Ralph Stair, George Reynolds
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ISBN:9781337102063
Author:Michael E. Whitman, Herbert J. Mattord
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