ECO101 - Unit 1 test
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Question 1: A severe freeze has once again damaged the Florida orange crop. The impact on the market for orange juice will be a leftward shift of:
●
the supply curve.
Question 2 Economists refer to the relationship that a higher price leads to a lower quantity demanded as the _____________.
●
law of demand
Question 3: The opportunity cost of attending university is likely to include all except which of the following?
●
the cost of haircuts received during the school term
Question 4: The two main tools of macroeconomic policy include monetary policy, and fiscal policy, which involves __________ spending.
●
government
Question 5: Regardless of whether you are looking through the microeconomics microscope or the macroeconomics telescope, the fundamental subject material of the interconnected __________ doesn’t change.
●
economy
Question 6: Economists refer to this pattern, the ___________________________________, which means that as a person receives more of a good, the additional or marginal utility from each additional unit of the good declines.
●
law of diminishing marginal utility
Question 7: If new manufacturers enter the computer industry, then (ceteris paribus):
●
the supply curve shifts to the right.
Question 8: Marginal thinking is best demonstrated by:
●
choosing to spend one more hour studying economics because you think the improvement in your score on the next quiz will be worth the sacrifice of time.
Question 9: The demand schedule for a good:
●
indicates the quantities that suppliers will sell at various market prices. Question 10: Scarcity exists because of:
●
unlimited wants and limited resources.
Question 11: In a _______________________, most economic decisions about what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom to produce it are made by buyers and sellers.
●
market-oriented economy
Question 12: Macroeconomics:
●
is concerned with the expansion and contraction of the overall economy. Question 13: In many cases, it is reasonable to refer to the ________________ as the price.
●
opportunity cost
Question 14: Philosophers draw a distinction between positive statements, which describe the world as it
is, and ___________________s, which describe how the world should be.
●
normative statement
Question 15: ______________ are enacted when discontented sellers, feeling that prices are too low, appeal to legislators to keep prices from falling.
●
Price floors
Question 16: Which of the following best characterizes the circular flow of income?
●
Businesses buy resources from households, and households use their income from the sale of resources to buy goods and services from businesses. Question 17: If macroeconomics looks at the economy as a whole, it focuses on which of the following?
●
unemployed people
Question 18: Andy views beer and pizza as complements to one another. If the price of pizza decreases, economists would expect:
●
Andy's demand for beer to increase.
Question 19: Gomer decides to spend an hour playing basketball rather than studying. His opportunity cost is:
●
the benefit to his grades from studying for an hour. Question 20: The model that economists use for illustrating the process of individual choice in a situation of scarcity is the budget constraint, sometimes also called the _______________, a diagram which shows what choices are possible.
●
opportunity set
Question 21: When nations desire a healthy macroeconomy, they typically focus on three goals, one of these being:
●
low inflation Question 22: The general pattern that consumption of the first few units of any good tends to bring a higher level of _______ to a person than consumption of later units is a common pattern.
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Step 3. Determine whether the effect on demand or supply causes the curve to shift to the right or to the left, and sketch the new demand or supply curve on the diagram. In other words, does the event increase or decrease the amount consumers want to buy or the amount producers want to sell?
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Question 1 (a) Assume that the markets for sugar cane, rum and whiskey are initially in equilibrium (i.e., supply equals demand in each case). Assume further that a good harvest impacts the world’s sugar cane crop. Sugar cane is a principal ingredient in rum, but it is not an ingredient in whiskey. Rum and whiskey are substitutes in consumption.(ii) Discuss the effect on the markets for each of the three products if the government implements a price restriction in the sugar cane market with the aim of protecting the farmers. How will this impact the revenues for sugar growers, rum producers and whiskey producers?
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(a) Assume that the markets for sugar cane, rum, and whiskey are initially in equilibrium (i.e., supply equals demand in each case). Assume further that a good harvest impacts the world’s sugar cane crop. Sugar cane is a principal ingredient in rum, but it is not an ingredient in whiskey. Rum and whiskey are substitutes for consumption.
(i) Discuss the impact of the good harvest on each of the three markets.
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MicroEconomics Practice:
Ethanol is a motor fuel manufactured from corn. Ethanol and Gasoline are both used independently to power the engines of automobiles. Suppose bad weather negatively affects Corn production.
Explain the effect of the bad weather on demand and supply of Corn. What is the effect on equilibrium price and Quantity.
Explain the effect of changes in market for Corn on demand and supply of Ethanol. What is the effect on equilibrium price and Quantity.
Explain the effect of changes in market for Ethanol on demand and supply of Gasoline. What is the effect on equilibrium price and Quantity.
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Discussion 1-3: Essential Concept - Supply & Demand
Using your understanding of supply, demand and price, answer the following questions. Try to be brief with each.
1. Why has college become so expensive? (Hint: tell me about WHAT has driven up the demand for college)
2. Will we run out of oil one day? (Hint: tell me about what declining supply of oil does to price and then, what that price does to the demand for oil)
3. Why is there traffic? (Hint: tell me about what the price to drive "freeways" does to the demand to drive on them OR what the price to build "freeways" does to the supply of "freeways" OR what the supply of homes near one's job does to the demand to use "freeways")
4. What happens to the wage of low-skilled workers when you add more low-skilled workers to the labor market? (Hint: tell me about what an increase in supply does to price)
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Graphically show how each of the following shifts the supply curve. Also identify which factor of supply is being affected in each case.
What happens to the supply of Spices if the US government withdraws an embargo on imported Spices from Iran?
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Question#3Assuming hypothetical equilibrium in Demand/Supply Model of Apples, illustrate impact of following events:
C) The government announces increase in Wages of workers.
D) The price of petrol in the market comes down. E) Consumer income falls during government imposed Lockdowns due to health concerns.
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Given the products and conditions below, indicate how the events affect the demand, supply, equilibrium price and quantity of the goods.
(a) Videotapes specifically . The price of DVDs and DVD players decreases. New technology makes videotapes easier to produce. The shift in demand is greater than shift in supply.
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Graphically show how each of the following shifts the supply curve. Also identify which factor of supply is being affected in each case.
d) What happens to the supply of Spices if the US government withdraws an embargo on imported Spices from Iran?
e) Wheat and Corn are substitutes in production. If the price of Corn increases, what happens to the supply of Wheat?
f) What happens to the supply of Chocolates when the number of sellers decrease?
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QUESTIONS: Scenario 1: As part of an international trade agreement, the Oman government reduces the tax on imported coffee. a. Will this affect the supply or the demand for coffee? Why? b. Which determinant of demand or supply is being affected? Explain. c. Show graphically the effect of changes in demand or supply. d. How will this change the equilibrium price and quantity of coffee? Explain your reasoning. Scenario 2: The Ministry of health publishes a study finding that coffee drinking reduces the probability of getting cancer. a. How do you imagine this will affect the market for coffee? Why? b. Which determinant of demand or supply is being affected? Explain. c. Show graphically the changes in demand or supply. d. Will this change the equilibrium price and quantity of coffee? Explain your reasoning.
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Supply and Demand — End of Chapter Problem
Will Shakespeare is a struggling playwright in sixteenth-century London. As the price he receives for writing a play increases,
he is willing to write more plays. Given the following situation, shift the demand and/or supply curve(s) and move the
equilibrium point to its new position.
Event: The bubonic plague, a deadly infectious disease, breaks out in London. Assume Will survives unscathed.
Price of a play
Market for Shakespeare's plays
E
Quantity of plays
S
D
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In the following graphs, label the original equilibrium as Eo, Po, and Qo. Label the new
equilibrium as E1, P1, and Q1. Draw arrows along axes to indicate directions of change.
Explain as much as necessary in words. No numbers are required here.
1. Show on 5 separate graphs the effect of each of the following events on the equilibrium
price and quantity of bananas in the United States:
a. a civil war/revolution in El Salvador
b. an increase in the demand for banana yogurt
c. a decrease in the prices of other fruits
d. increased shipping costs due to increased energy costs
e. a U.S. tariff on banana imports from Nicaragua.
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Assignment 1
Draw a demand curve for economics classes at HCCC, showing the trade-off between price and quantity. Now draw another demand curve to the right of the original (i.e. showing an increase in demand). Give three reasons that demand for economics classes might shift to the right like this.
The following table contains information about the wheat market:
Price per Bushel
(dollars)
Quantity Demanded (bushels)
Quantity Supplied (bushels)
$2
40,000
0
4
34,000
4,000
6
28,000
8,000
8
24,000
16,000
10
20,000
20,000
12
18,000
28,000
14
12,000
36,000
16
6,000
40,000
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Activity 2
Direction: Using the graph below as basis answer the following questions in the
space provided.
Equilibrium for Bagels
1.
What is the equilibrium price
4.50 -
and quantity?
4.00 -
2.
If price increases to 3, how
many bagels are demanded per month?
3.50 -
3.00
At price 3, what is the situation
of the economy for bagels industry?
3.
2.50
2.00-
If the economy is experiencing a
shortage in bagels what can
suppliers do to the price to bring it
back to equilibrium?
4.
1.50 -
1.00-
0.50 -
At price 1 and with quantity
demanded of 14 and quantity supplied of
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 2, what is the situation of the economy?
5.
0.00
Quantity (thousands of dozens per month)
Price per dozen bagels
D.
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