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Oregon State University, Corvallis *

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MACROECONO

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Economics

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Jan 9, 2024

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pdf

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5

Uploaded by MajorFog9860

Daniela Troitiño Question 1: Define Economics, explaining the Economic Problem. Economics is a social science which looks at how resources are allocated. The economic problem is scarcity. This is because the amount of resources in an economy are limited and these cannot fulfill all of the wants and needs of civilians. Question 2: List and define the four Factors of Production. The four Factors of Production include: land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship. Land refers to minerals, land, trees, oil, etc. On the other hand labor involves the skill and human effort of the production of goods and services. Capital represents all of the man-made tools; machinery, equipment, factories, and roads. Then, entrepreneurship are the individuals or groups who organize the factors of production into goods and services. Question 3: Explain the difference between tradeoffs and opportunity costs, using the example of eating food. Opportunity cost is the next best alternative forgone. It cannot be avoided because resources are scarce, and every decision involves trade-offs. So this means that a trade-off is the act of giving up one thing in exchange of another while opportunity cost finds the value of the next best alternative that is given up when a choice is made. Question 4: The following table represents the combinations of goods that Bakery land can make using its resources. Use this information to answer the questions that follow:
Question 5 a. Create a diagram of this data with cookies on the vertical axis and cupcakes on the horizontal axis. b. Assume Bakeryland is currently producing at point A, 12 cookies and 0 cupcakes. i. What is the opportunity cost of increasing the production of cupcakes from 0 to 1? The loss of 2 cookies. ii. What is the opportunity cost of increasing the production of cupcakes from 1 to 2? The loss of 2 cookies. iii. What is the opportunity cost of moving from C to D? The opportunity cost of moving from C to D is the loss of 2 cookies. iv. What is the opportunity cost of moving from D to E? When moving from D to E it is producing one more cupcake which means it is losing two cookies. Which means that the opportunity cost of moving from D to E is the loss of 2 cookies. v. What is the opportunity cost of moving from F to G? The opportunity cost of moving from F to G is the loss of 2 cookies.
c. Is this an example of constant or increasing opportunity costs? This is an example of constant opportunity costs. This is because the loss of 2 cookies remains consistent as the production of cupcakes increases. Question 5 a. Create a diagram of this data with robots on the vertical axis and cheese on the horizontal axis. b. Assume Strangeland is currently producing at point A, 12 robots and 0 units of cheese. i. The opportunity cost of increasing production of cheese from 0 to 1 unit is the loss of 2 units of robots. ii. The opportunity cost of increasing production of cheese from 1 unit to 2 units is the loss of 4 units of robots. iii. The opportunity cost of moving from point C to point D is 6. c. Is this an example of constant or increasing opportunity costs? This is an example of increasing opportunity costs. When producing one more unit of cheese, it results in a progressively greater loss of robots along the PPC.
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