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Unit III Essay: Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium
Nguyen Pham
Columbia Southern University
ECO 2302 -
Principles of Macroeconomics
Professor Sayim
October 4, 2023
2
Unit III Essay: Demand, Supply, and Equilibrium
Introduction
This essay will start with a few basic definitions of supply and demand curves, the shift
of the curves and their causes. The essay author will move to select an industry of interest and
discuss the status of the supply and demand of the industry’s products. The essay will conclude
with a discussion regarding the factors that caused the supply and demand curves to shift for the
industry products or services.
Demand and Supply Curves
Demand curve and supply Curve show the relationships between price and the quantity
demanded. Demand curve shows the relation between the price of an item or service and the
quantity that the customers are willing to buy (McEachern, 2018). The demand curve shifts left
to decrease when there are determinants such as changes in consumer tastes and preferences,
change in the number of buyers, etc. The curve shifts right to increase when there are more
demands for such service or item. One of the determining factors for the demand curve to shift
right is when the consumers’ incomes increase. The increased demand of toilet paper and
cleaning supplies during the COVID-19 pandemic is an example. The movement along the
demand curve happens when the price and the quantity demand both change. The shift in
demand curve occurs when the price stay the same, but the quantity demanded change.
Supply curve shows the relation between the price and the quantity supplied. Supply
curve has an upward sloping and shifts due to the price of production, increase or decrease in
taxes and government subsidies, etc. A change in price causes the movement along the supply
3
curve. A change in one of the determinants of supply that is not price causes a shift of supply
curve (McEachern, 2018). For examples, when the manufacturing cost increases for locally
produced items, it shifts the supply curves to the left decreasing the quantity supplied. Another
example is the COVID-19 vaccines, thanks to the Government’s subsidies and assistance, the
vaccine supplies increased while the cost stayed as low as $0 for the consumers. Another
example can be found in the 2023 research paper published by the Tropical Animal Science
Journal, the import tariff policy in Indonesia caused the dairy prices to increase (Priyono et al,
2023).
Shift of Demand or Supply vs Equilibrium
Equilibrium in the market is found at a point where the demand curve intersects with the
supply curve. The equilibrium price ensures a balance between market supply and market
demand (Aspromourgos, 2019). In a research paper published by the Academic Search Ultimate,
the pricing rule is based on the equilibrium of production and demand (Pinhão et al, 2022). A
shift in demand curve to the right will change the equilibrium point where prices and quantity are
higher than before. On the other hand, a rightward shift in the supply curve will lead to decrease
in the equilibrium price of a commodity and an increase in the equilibrium quantity.
Industry of Interest
For this essay, I have chosen the technology industry as the industry of interest. I will
focus on Apple inc. and Apple’s products. The current market indicates that the demand of Apple
products is still high although Apple can’t fulfill its customers’ demand. The supply constraint is
caused by the manufacturing shutdowns because of the COVID-19 pandemic (Tatevosian, 2022).
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Related Questions
5
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Concept Question 3.12
Question Help
The following table gives the supply schedule for an single firm's monthly
supply of shirts.
50-
Quantity Supplied
45-
Price
40-
$15
5
$20
7
35-
$25
9
$30
11
Assume there are 10 identical firms in the market.
Using the multipoint curve drawing tool, draw the market supply curve, and
label it.
15-
10-
Carefully follow the instructions above, and only draw the required object.
5-
04
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160
Quantity of shirts
After plotting the final point of your multipoint curve, press the Esc key on your
keyboard to end the line.
Price of shirts
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(1).
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Can you help me, to understand this question?
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1
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Microeconomics
The table below represents a firm's profit for producing and selling candles. Assume that if a firm would have the same profit at two different levels of output, then the firm would choose the greater level of output. Assume that the only levels of output that the firm can produce are the levels of output given in the table. At what level of output does the firm maximize profits?
Quantity
Total Cost
Marginal Cost
Total Revenue
Marginal Revenue
0
$20
-
$0
-
15
$60
$2.67
$75
$5
30
$110
$3.33
$150
$5
45
$170
$4.00
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$300
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75
$340
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2
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Starting a gluten free and nut free restaurant has been a lifelong dream of Sydney Quintero, since he realized his dietary restrictions as a teenager. Now, that Sydney has
graduated with his business degree, he is pursuing his dream. He has researched geographic locations around his state and selected three different cities, Fort Alden,
Central City and Roseville, as possibilities for his flagship restaurant. The market for gluten/nut free products often changes due to health awareness, current trends and
general demographic changes in population. Sydney's marketing research has given him some estimates for the different locations as described in the decision table
below.
Alternatives
Fort Alden
Central City
Roseville
Answer
Decision Table
Strong Market
75,000
68,000
105,000
State of Nature
Fair Market
Step 1 of 2: Using the maximax strategy, where would Sydney decide to start his restaurant?
O Roseville
O Fort Alden
48,500
52,000
76,000
O Central City
Poor Market
25,000
27,000
30,000…
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Starting a gluten free and nut free restaurant has been a lifelong dream of Sydney Quintero, since he realized his dietary restrictions as a teenager. Now, that Sydney has
graduated with his business degree, he is pursuing his dream. He has researched geographic locations around his state and selected three different cities, Fort Alden,
Central City and Roseville, as possibilities for his flagship restaurant. The market for gluten/nut free products often changes due to health awareness, current trends and
general demographic changes in population. Sydney's marketing research has given him some estimates for the different locations as described in the decision table
below.
Alternatives
Fort Alden
Central City
Answer
Roseville
Decision Table
Strong Market
75,000
68,000
105,000
Step 2 of 2: What would Sydney's anticipated payoff be for the maximax strategy?
State of Nature
Fair Market
48,500
52,000
76,000
Poor Market
25,000
27,000
30,000
Keypad
Keyboard Shortcuts
Tables
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Starting a gluten free and nut free restaurant has been a lifelong dream of Sydney Quintero, since he realized his dietary restrictions as a teenager. Now, that Sydney has graduated with his business degree, he is pursuing his dream. He has researched geographic locations around his state and selected three different cities, Fort Alden, Central City and Roseville, as possibilities for his flagship restaurant. The market for gluten/nut free products often changes due to health awareness, current trends and general demographic changes in population. Sydney’s marketing research has given him some estimates for the different locations as described in the decision table below.Decision Table
State of Nature
Alternatives
Strong Market
Fair Market
Poor Market
Fort Alden
75,00075,000
49,50049,500
35,00035,000
Central City
70,00070,000
54,00054,000
29,00029,000
Roseville
115,000115,000
80,00080,000
40,00040,000
Step 2 of 2 :
What would Sydney’s anticipated payoff be…
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According to the Washington Post article The Downsides of Cheap Corn, farmers' 2014 crop revenues were down from prior years, despite very productive harvests all around the United States. Which of the statements is the explanation offered by the article for this apparent paradox? The costs of farming have increased faster than productivity, leading to higher crop yields but lower profits. An influx of farmers entering the agricultural market has led to fierce competition, driving down revenues. The increase in the supply of crops has decreased prices by a greater percentage than the percentage increase in quantity of sales. Consumer demand for agricultural crops such as corn, soybean, and wheat are at record lows
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How are the sporting apparel and the Italian suit markets impacting on the wool market?
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I need help with A and B
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1. Briefly describe 5 things that a firm could do that would reduce the price sensitivity of buyers
2. Briefly explain five reasons why firms may choose prices that are below their profit-maximizingprice
3. List 5 things that could increase demand and 5 things that could increase supply for a typical(normal) good (hint: be specific on the direction of change for each event)
4. Describe 5 consumer decision biases
5. Describe 5 costs from international trade
6. Briefly describe 2 or 3 things that could shift labor demand and 2 or 3 things that could shift laborsupply
7. Explain the implications from the short-run and long-run Phillips curve
8. Briefly describe 5 things that could cause the US dollar to appreciate in value
9. List 5 things that could decrease aggregate demand and 5 things that could decrease the short-runaggregate supply for an economy (hint: be specific on the direction of change for each event)
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solve this question
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Supply and Demand: End of Chapter Problems
6. Suppose the market for tomatoes is in equilibrium, and events occur that simultaneously shift both the demand and supply
curves to the right. If this is the only information you have, what can you say about how the equilibrium price or quantity
would be affected?
The equilibrium
O quantity would increase, whereas the direction of the change in equilibrium price would be indeterminate.
price would increase, whereas the direction of the change in equilibrium quantity would be indeterminate.
O price and quantity would both decrease.
price and quantity would both increase.
Question Source: Chiang 4e - Economics Principles For A Changing World
Publisher: Worth Publishers
a
9:39 PM
64°F
10/13/2021
SP
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(3) An article that provides examples of an organization exploiting the resources of a competitor to strengthen its competitive advantage.
First, Summarize the article
Next, Discuss what you found interesting, educational, insightful, etc.?
Then, Discuss how the article you found relates to the material you read for this week.
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Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets
Price ofGadget
Quantity ofGadgets Demanded
$10
0
$9
100
$8
200
$7
300
$6
400
$5
500
$4
600
$3
700
$2
800
$1
900
$0
1,000
Reference: Ref 14-1 Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets
(Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets) Use Table: Demand Schedule of Gadgets. The market for gadgets consists of two producers, Margaret and Ray. Each firm can produce gadgets at a marginal cost of $2 and no fixed cost. Suppose that these two producers have formed a cartel, agreed to split production of output evenly, and are maximizing total industry profits. If Margaret decides to cheat on the agreement and sell 100 more gadgets, the market price of gadgets will be:
Select one:
a. $6.
b. $7.
c. $4.
d. $5.
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Assume that the market for electronic games is competitive.
a) It becomes known by consumers that there is going to be a major sale on these games one month from now.
_____________________________________, _________________________________
b) The workers in the electronic games industry receive a $3 an hour wage increase. _____________________________________, _________________________________
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